Vehicle Class:
Executive Sedan / Mid-size Luxury Car
Brand Perception:
BMW's reputation for performance, engineering, and luxury
Key Competitors:
Mercedes-Benz W124 E-Class, Audi 100/200, Jaguar XJ-S (in terms of luxury positioning), Volvo 240/740 (for a more budget-conscious luxury)
Driving Dynamics:
Renowned BMW handling and driver engagement, balanced chassis
Build Quality:
German engineering and solid construction
Design:
Classic BMW ' Hofmeister kink' design language, sophisticated styling
Engine:
Complete engine overhaul, diagnostics, tuning, cooling system, lubrication system, fuel injection (for 518i), carburetion (for 518), exhaust system
Transmission:
Manual transmission (Getrag 260 likely), automatic transmission (ZF 4HP22 likely), clutch system, driveshaft, differential
Brakes:
Front disc brakes, rear disc brakes, ABS (if equipped), brake fluid, hydraulic system, parking brake
Electrical:
12V electrical system, battery, alternator, starter, ignition system, lighting, instrumentation, fuses, relays, wiring diagrams
Suspension:
Front McPherson struts, rear independent suspension (semi-trailing arms), springs, shock absorbers, bushings, wheel bearings
Steering:
Power steering system (recirculating ball type), steering column, tie rods, steering rack
Body:
Chassis, body panels, doors, windows, sunroof (if equipped), interior trim, seals, corrosion protection
HVAC:
Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (if equipped), blower motor, heater core, AC compressor, refrigerant system
Fuel:
Fuel tank, fuel lines, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel injection system (518i), carburetor (518)
Exhaust:
Exhaust manifolds, catalytic converter (if applicable for the market), muffler, exhaust pipes
Maintenance:
Routine maintenance procedures, fluid changes, filter replacements, spark plug replacement, belt tensioning
Diagnostics:
Troubleshooting guides, diagnostic trouble codes (if applicable to the era), symptom-based troubleshooting
Repair:
Detailed step-by-step repair instructions for all major components and systems
Overhaul:
Complete engine and transmission overhaul procedures, component rebuilds
Adjustment:
Valve adjustments, idle speed adjustments, ignition timing adjustments
Installation:
Component installation and removal procedures
Depth Of Information:
Comprehensive factory-level detail, suitable for professional mechanics and advanced DIY enthusiasts
Special Tools:
Identification of BMW-specific special tools required for certain procedures
Torque Specifications:
Precise torque values for all critical fasteners
Clearances:
Engine component clearances, bearing clearances, end play specifications
Transmission Type Standard:
4-speed manual (Getrag 260 is highly probable)
Transmission Type Optional:
3-speed automatic (ZF 4HP22 is highly probable)
Clutch Type:
Single dry plate, hydraulically operated
Transmission Fluid Spec:
Refer to manual for specific type (e.g., Dexron II for automatic, GL-4 for manual)
Oil Change Interval:
Every 5,000 - 7,500 miles (8,000 - 12,000 km) or 6-12 months, depending on driving conditions.
Air Filter Replacement:
Every 15,000 - 30,000 miles (24,000 - 48,000 km) or as needed based on environment.
Spark Plug Replacement:
Every 20,000 - 30,000 miles (32,000 - 48,000 km) for standard plugs, longer for platinum or iridium.
Engine Oil Spec:
API SF or SG, SAE 10W-40 or 15W-40 (check manual for exact specification and viscosity based on climate)
Coolant Spec:
Ethylene glycol based coolant, 50/50 mix with distilled water. BMW specifies specific coolant types.
Brake Fluid Spec:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid
Common Issue Rust:
Rust formation in wheel arches, sills, and around windows due to age and road salt.
Common Issue Cooling System:
Aging plastic components in the cooling system (expansion tank, hoses) can become brittle and fail.
Common Issue Fuel System:
Fuel injectors (518i) can clog, fuel pump weakening, or fuel lines degrading.
Common Issue Electrical:
Degradation of wiring insulation, failing ignition components, dashboard warning light issues.
Common Issue Suspension:
Worn bushings, ball joints, and shock absorbers leading to poor ride quality and handling.
Bmw Heritage:
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, founded in 1916, known for high-performance engines and sporty vehicles.
E28 Generation:
The E28 is the second generation of the BMW 5 Series, produced from 1981 to 1988. It succeeded the E12 and was replaced by the E34.
518 Introduction:
The 518 and 518i were entry-level models in the E28 lineup, offering a more fuel-efficient and accessible entry point into the 5 Series.
Production Period E28:
1981–1988
Manufacturing Locations:
Germany (Dingolfing), South Africa, Mexico, Thailand
