Positioning:
The BMW 518 (E28) was positioned as an entry-level luxury sedan in BMW's mid-size executive car lineup for the 1980s, offering a balance of comfort, performance, and BMW's signature driving dynamics at a more accessible price point than its larger six-cylinder counterparts.
Competitors:
Competed against vehicles like the Mercedes-Benz W123 200/230E, Audi 100, and Volvo 240 series, emphasizing premium build quality and a driver-focused experience.
Features:
Rear-wheel drive, sophisticated independent suspension, driver-oriented ergonomics, robust M10 engine, iconic BMW styling, and a reputation for durability.
Engine:
M10B18 inline-4 engine, including diagnostics, overhaul, fuel injection (Bosch L-Jetronic), ignition system, cooling system, exhaust system, lubrication system.
Transmission:
Manual (Getrag 260) and Automatic (ZF 4HP22) transmissions, clutch, driveline, driveshafts, differential.
Suspension:
Front MacPherson struts, rear semi-trailing arms, springs, dampers, bushings, steering linkage, power steering system.
Brakes:
Front ventilated discs, rear solid discs, brake system hydraulics, parking brake, ABS (where equipped).
Electrical:
Complete wiring diagrams, starter, alternator, battery, lighting system, instrument cluster, dashboard controls, power accessories (windows, locks, mirrors), fuse box locations and functions, ECU diagnostics.
Body And Chassis:
Body panel repair, door mechanisms, window regulators, interior trim, seats, bumpers, body sealing, structural components.
Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug service, coolant flushes, brake fluid replacement, belt inspection and replacement, tune-ups, general inspection procedures.
Troubleshooting:
System-specific diagnostic flowcharts, common fault identification, testing procedures for various components.
Repair:
Component removal and installation, engine rebuilds, transmission overhaul, brake caliper replacement, suspension component renewal, electrical component repair.
Rebuilding:
Detailed instructions for engine, transmission, and major component rebuilds with specifications and tolerances.
Depth:
Comprehensive, covering routine maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds. Includes detailed specifications, torque values, and diagnostic procedures.
Transmission Type:
4-speed Manual (Getrag 260)
Transmission Type:
3-speed or 4-speed Automatic (ZF 4HP22)
Clutch Type:
Single dry plate, hydraulic actuation
Manual Transmission Fluid:
BMW ATF Dexron III or equivalent (check specific manual for exact spec, typically GL-4 or GL-5 for manual gearboxes).
Automatic Transmission Fluid:
ATF Dexron II/III or equivalent
Length:
Approx. 4717 mm (185.7 in)
Width:
Approx. 1700 mm (66.9 in)
Height:
Approx. 1415 mm (55.7 in)
Wheelbase:
Approx. 2795 mm (110.0 in)
Curb Weight:
Approx. 1300-1350 kg (2866-2976 lbs)
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating:
Approx. 1800 kg (3968 lbs)
Crash Test Data:
Limited modern crash test data available for this era. E28 chassis was designed with significant structural integrity for its time.
Braking System:
Four-wheel disc brakes, optional ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) on later models.
Seatbelts:
Three-point inertia-reel seatbelts (front and rear)
Steering Column:
Collapsible steering column
Body Structure:
Reinforced passenger cell, crumple zones
Audio System:
Factory AM/FM radio with cassette player, optional premium sound systems. Modern aftermarket head units are common upgrades.
ABS:
Optional Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) on some models, a significant safety advancement for its time.
Interior Features:
Power windows, power door locks, electric sunroof, cruise control (optional), and advanced climate control systems for the era.
Oil Change:
Typically every 5,000-7,500 miles or 6-12 months (refer to manual for specific recommendation based on driving conditions).
Spark Plugs:
Every 15,000-30,000 miles (depending on plug type, e.g., copper vs. platinum).
Coolant Flush:
Every 2-3 years or 30,000-50,000 miles.
Timing Belt Chain:
M10B18 uses a timing chain, which is designed to last the life of the engine but requires inspection for wear and tensioner condition.
Engine Oil:
API SG or SH, SAE 15W-40 or 10W-40 (check manual for climate-specific recommendations).
Engine Oil Capacity:
Approx. 4.5 liters (with filter change)
Coolant Type:
Ethylene glycol-based antifreeze, 50/50 mix with distilled water.
Engine Wear:
M10 engine is generally robust, but can experience oil leaks from valve cover gasket, oil pan gasket, and front crank seal. Timing chain tensioner and guides may need replacement with age.
Fuel System Issues:
Bosch L-Jetronic system can be sensitive to dirty fuel or electrical issues with the airflow meter or fuel pump. Periodic cleaning of injectors may be beneficial.
Electrical Gremlins:
Age-related electrical issues are common, including corroded grounds, failing relays, degraded wiring insulation, and dashboard warning light malfunctions.
Suspension Bushings:
Rubber bushings in suspension and steering components degrade over time, leading to vague handling, noise, and premature tire wear.
Rust:
Prone to rust in common areas like wheel arches, rocker panels, jacking points, and rear valence, especially in areas with harsh climates.
Bmw Philosophy:
BMW's 'Ultimate Driving Machine' philosophy, focusing on engineering excellence, performance, and driver engagement.
E28 Generation:
The E28 generation (produced 1981-1988) was an evolution of the successful E12, featuring a more modern design, improved aerodynamics, and enhanced chassis dynamics. The 518 represented the base model in many markets.
Production Period:
1981-1988 (E28 generation)
Manufacturing Locations:
Germany (Dingolfing plant primarily)
