Engine Systems:
        
        
            Engine mechanical, lubrication, cooling, fuel, ignition, exhaust, emissions control, engine management (ECM/PCM).
        
     
    
        
            Transmission Systems:
        
        
            Automatic transmission (diagnosis, overhaul, service), manual transmission (diagnosis, overhaul, service), clutch system.
        
     
    
        
            Drivetrain Systems:
        
        
            Front-wheel drive (FWD) axle shafts, differential, driveshaft.
        
     
    
        
            Suspension Systems:
        
        
            Front and rear suspension components, steering linkage, power steering system, shock absorbers, struts, springs, control arms, wheel alignment.
        
     
    
        
            Brake Systems:
        
        
            Front and rear brake systems (disc/drum), hydraulic system, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), parking brake.
        
     
    
        
            Electrical Systems:
        
        
            Battery, charging system, starting system, lighting, instrumentation, body control module (BCM), power windows, power locks, mirrors, wipers, horns.
        
     
    
        
            HVAC Systems:
        
        
            Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, refrigerant cycle, controls, blower motor, evaporator, condenser, compressor.
        
     
    
        
            Body And Frame:
        
        
            Body panels, doors, windows, latches, hinges, interior trim, exterior trim, frame straightening, underbody coatings.
        
     
    
        
            Restraint Systems:
        
        
            Airbag system (SRS), seat belts, pre-tensioners.
        
     
    
    
        
            Routine Maintenance:
        
        
            Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks and top-offs, tire rotation, spark plug replacement, belt inspection and replacement.
        
     
    
        
            Diagnostics And Troubleshooting:
        
        
            Diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), symptom-based troubleshooting, wiring diagrams, diagnostic flowcharts, electrical testing procedures.
        
     
    
        
            Engine Repairs:
        
        
            Cylinder head removal/installation, piston and connecting rod service, crankshaft service, timing belt/chain replacement, fuel injector testing/replacement, manifold removal/installation.
        
     
    
        
            Transmission Repairs:
        
        
            Transmission fluid and filter change, torque converter replacement, valve body service, seal replacement, clutch assembly replacement.
        
     
    
        
            Brake Repairs:
        
        
            Brake pad and rotor replacement, caliper servicing, brake line and hose replacement, brake fluid flush, ABS component testing and replacement.
        
     
    
        
            Suspension And Steering Repairs:
        
        
            Strut and shock absorber replacement, ball joint and tie rod end replacement, power steering pump and rack replacement, wheel bearing replacement.
        
     
    
        
            Electrical Diagnostics And Repair:
        
        
            Component testing, circuit diagnosis, wiring harness repair, module programming and replacement, sensor testing and replacement.
        
     
    
        
            HVAC Service:
        
        
            Refrigerant charging, leak detection, component replacement (compressor, evaporator, condenser), cabin air filter replacement.
        
     
    
        
            Body And Interior Repairs:
        
        
            Door panel removal, window regulator replacement, bumper repair/replacement, trim piece installation, seat removal/installation.
        
     
    
    
        
            Depth Of Coverage:
        
        
            Comprehensive factory-level repair and diagnostic information, suitable for professional technicians and advanced DIY enthusiasts.
        
     
 
    
    
    
        
            Engine Code:
        
        
            F16D3 / F18D2 (GM Family II)
        
     
    
        
            Engine Type:
        
        
            Inline 4-cylinder, DOHC, 16-valve
        
     
    
        
            Displacement 1.6L:
        
        
            1598 cc (97.5 cu in)
        
     
    
        
            Displacement 1.8L:
        
        
            1796 cc (109.6 cu in)
        
     
    
    
        
            Horsepower 1.6L:
        
        
            105 hp (78 kW) @ 6000 rpm
        
     
    
        
            Torque 1.6L:
        
        
            148 Nm (109 lb-ft) @ 3200 rpm
        
     
    
    
        
            Horsepower 1.8L:
        
        
            125 hp (93 kW) @ 6000 rpm
        
     
    
        
            Torque 1.8L:
        
        
            165 Nm (122 lb-ft) @ 3600 rpm
        
     
    
    
        
            Fuel Delivery:
        
        
            Multi-point Fuel Injection (MPI)
        
     
    
        
            Fuel Type:
        
        
            Unleaded Gasoline
        
     
    
        
            Ignition System:
        
        
            Distributorless Ignition System (DIS) with coil-on-plug
        
     
    
    
        
            Emission Standard:
        
        
            Euro 3 / Equivalent
        
     
    
    
        
            Coolant Type:
        
        
            Dex-Cool Extended Life Antifreeze (GM Specification 6277M)
        
     
    
    
        
            Engine Oil Viscosity:
        
        
            SAE 5W-30
        
     
    
        
            Engine Oil Capacity:
        
        
            4.0 L (4.2 US qt) with filter
        
     
    
    
        
            Timing Belt Or Chain:
        
        
            Timing Belt (F16D3), Timing Chain (F18D2)
        
     
 
    
    
        
        Service Intervals General
    
 
    
        
            Oil Change Interval:
        
        
            Every 15,000 km (9,300 miles) or 12 months, whichever comes first.
        
     
    
        
            Air Filter Replacement:
        
        
            Every 30,000 km (18,600 miles) or 24 months.
        
     
    
        
            Cabin Filter Replacement:
        
        
            Every 15,000 km (9,300 miles) or 12 months.
        
     
    
        
            Spark Plug Replacement 1.6L:
        
        
            Every 60,000 km (37,200 miles).
        
     
    
        
            Spark Plug Replacement 1.8L:
        
        
            Every 90,000 km (55,900 miles) (if equipped with long-life plugs).
        
     
    
        
            Timing Belt Replacement:
        
        
            Every 90,000 km (55,900 miles) or 5 years (F16D3).
        
     
    
        
            Brake Fluid Flush:
        
        
            Every 2 years or 40,000 km (24,800 miles).
        
     
    
        
            Coolant Flush:
        
        
            First at 240,000 km (150,000 miles) or 5 years, then every 120,000 km (75,000 miles) or 5 years.
        
     
    
    
        
            Brake Fluid Specification:
        
        
            DOT 3 or DOT 4
        
     
    
        
            Power Steering Fluid:
        
        
            Dexron III or equivalent ATF
        
     
    
    
        
            Common Complaints:
        
        
            Occasional reports of minor electrical gremlins, premature wear on suspension bushings, and potential for coolant leaks from the water pump seal.