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Manual Coverage
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Systems Covered
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Systems Covered:
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Engine mechanicals, fuel injection/carburetion, ignition, lubrication, cooling, exhaust, transmission (manual and automatic), clutch, drivetrain, suspension (hydropneumatic system), steering, brakes (hydraulic and disc), electrical system (wiring diagrams, components), body and chassis repair, climate control, safety systems.
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Emission Control:
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Information on emission control systems, catalytic converters (if fitted for specific markets), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and related components. Diagnostic procedures for emission-related faults.
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Suspension System:
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In-depth coverage of the hydropneumatic suspension system, including service and repair of spheres, hydraulic pump, accumulator, height correctors, hydraulic fluid reservoir, and associated lines. Adjustment of ride height.
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Steering System:
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Detailed procedures for the DIRAVI power steering system, including hydraulic pump, steering rack, fluid lines, and any electronic control modules or sensors related to speed-sensing.
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Brake System:
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Comprehensive brake system diagnosis and repair, including front and rear disc brake assemblies, hydraulic lines, master cylinder, brake booster (if separate from suspension), parking brake mechanism, and brake fluid.
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Electrical System:
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Detailed wiring diagrams for all circuits, component locations, fuse/relay identification, troubleshooting for lighting, ignition, starting, charging, instruments, power windows, central locking, and any other electrical accessories.
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Climate Control:
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Repair and maintenance of the heating and ventilation system, including blower motor, heater core, ventilation ducts, and control mechanisms. Air conditioning system servicing (if equipped).
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Procedures Included
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Procedures Included:
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Routine maintenance, scheduled servicing, troubleshooting guides, diagnostic procedures, component removal and installation, repair instructions, system adjustments, wiring harness repair, bodywork repair, engine rebuilding procedures, transmission overhaul, hydropneumatic system servicing.
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Diagnostic Procedures:
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Systematic troubleshooting charts, fault code diagnosis (if applicable for specific electronic systems), diagnostic routines for fuel, ignition, and electrical faults.
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Body Repair:
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Procedures for body panel alignment, rust repair, dent removal, glass replacement, and interior trim removal/installation.
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Engine Rebuilding:
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Step-by-step instructions for engine disassembly, cleaning, inspection, measurement of wear, component replacement (pistons, rings, bearings, valves), cylinder head overhauls, and reassembly.
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Transmission Overhaul:
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Detailed guides for the disassembly, inspection, and rebuilding of both manual and automatic transmissions, including gear sets, bearings, synchronizers, clutch packs, and valve bodies.
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Technical Depth
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Technical Depth:
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Comprehensive, covering everything from basic fluid changes to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including detailed diagnostics and repair procedures for all major vehicle systems. Suitable for professional mechanics and experienced DIY enthusiasts.
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Torque Specifications:
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Detailed torque specifications for all critical fasteners in engine, chassis, and bodywork to ensure correct assembly and prevent damage.
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Engine Specifications
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Primary Engine
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Primary Engine:
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Citroën DS/CX Series Douvrin Engine
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Engine Variants
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Engine Variants:
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Typically 2.0L (XM7) and 2.5L (XM9/XM11) inline-four gasoline engines. The 1988 model year would likely feature the 2.0L and 2.5L naturally aspirated and potentially the 2.5L Turbo-D diesel engines. Specific engine codes for 1988 might include:
- 2.0L (1981cc): XM7 (e.g., XM7/80) producing approx. 106-112 hp.
- 2.5L (2500cc): XM9/XM11 (e.g., XM9/80) producing approx. 128-136 hp.
- 2.5L Turbo Diesel: Diesel 2.5 (e.g., XD2S or XD3TE) producing approx. 95-110 hp.
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Performance
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Performance:
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Varies by engine. For the 2.5L gasoline, expect around 130-136 hp and 155-160 lb-ft of torque. Top speeds generally in the 105-120 mph range.
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Fuel System
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Fuel System:
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Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection for gasoline engines, or Zenith/Solex carburetors on some lower-spec models. Diesel engines feature Bosch indirect injection.
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Lubrication
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Lubrication:
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Wet sump lubrication system. Recommended oil: SAE 10W-40 or 15W-50 API SF/CD or higher. Oil capacity: approx. 4.5 - 5.0 liters.
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Cooling System
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Cooling System:
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Pressurized liquid cooling system. Coolant: Ethylene glycol based antifreeze mixture. Capacity: approx. 7.0 - 8.0 liters.
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Ignition System
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Ignition System:
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Electronic ignition system (e.g., Bosch or Ducellier distributor with electronic control).
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Maintenance
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Service Intervals
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Service Intervals:
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Typical intervals:
- Oil Change: Every 7,500-10,000 km or 6-12 months.
- Air Filter: Every 15,000-20,000 km.
- Fuel Filter: Every 20,000-30,000 km.
- Spark Plugs: Every 20,000-40,000 km depending on type.
- Timing Belt (if applicable, check specific engine): Every 60,000-80,000 km or 4-5 years.
- Brake Fluid Flush: Every 2 years.
- Hydropneumatic Fluid Change: Every 30,000-50,000 km or 2-3 years.
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Drive Belt Replacement:
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Drive belts (alternator, power steering, A/C) typically replaced every 40,000-60,000 km or if signs of wear (cracking, glazing) appear.
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Fluid Specifications
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Fluid Specifications:
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Engine Oil: SAE 10W-40 or 15W-50 API SF/CD. Transmission Fluid (Auto): Dexron II. Manual Transmission Oil: SAE 75W-90 GL-4. Brake Fluid: DOT 3 or DOT 4. Hydropneumatic Fluid (LHM): Citroën LHS 2 (Green fluid) or equivalent. Power Steering Fluid: ATF or specific Citroën fluid.
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Coolant Type:
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Ethylene glycol based coolant, typically a 50/50 mix with distilled water. Ensure compatibility with older systems.
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Known Issues
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Known Issues:
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Hydropneumatic system leaks (sphere failures, hose degradation), DIRAVI steering rack wear, electrical gremlins (especially around the fuse box and earthing points), carburetor/injection system tuning, rust in common areas (wheel arches, sills), clutch wear, exhaust system deterioration.
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Interior Wear:
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Wear on seat upholstery, dashboard cracking (especially around vents), door card trim separation are common due to age and material quality.
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Part Numbers
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Part Numbers:
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Manual would contain specific part numbers for filters, plugs, belts, brake components, suspension spheres, and hydraulic fluid. Examples (illustrative): Oil filter ~0171.40, Air filter ~1444.06.
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Vehicle History
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Brand Heritage
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Brand Heritage:
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Citroën has a long history of innovation in automotive engineering, particularly with its pioneering hydropneumatic suspension systems first introduced on the DS model. Known for avant-garde design and comfort-focused engineering.
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Model Evolution
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Model Evolution:
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The CX succeeded the iconic DS in 1974, carrying forward its unique design philosophy and hydropneumatic suspension. The Series 2 update in 1986 brought significant revisions including revised dashboard, interior, front-end styling (plastic bumpers), and engine upgrades.
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Series 2 Updates:
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Series 2 (introduced 1986) featured significant interior redesign, larger plastic bumpers integrated into the bodywork, improved aerodynamics, new dashboard layout with rotary controls for HVAC, and updated engine management for some variants.
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Production
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Production:
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Produced from 1974 to 1997. The 1988 model represents a mid-to-late Series 2 production vehicle.
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Manufacturing Locations
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Manufacturing Locations:
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Primary manufacturing in Rennes, France. Also produced under license in other countries.
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