🏷️ Basic Information

Make:

Citroën

Model:

CX

Year:

1985

👋 Introduction

Market Position:

The Citroën CX was a flagship executive car known for its avant-garde design, advanced technology (particularly its hydropneumatic suspension), and exceptional ride comfort, positioning it as a premium offering in its segment. This manual targets owners and independent repairers seeking to maintain and restore these distinctive vehicles.

Competitive Analysis:

Competed against luxury sedans from German and British manufacturers, such as Mercedes-Benz W123/W124, BMW E23/E28, and Jaguar XJ. The CX differentiated itself with its unique aerodynamic styling and hydropneumatic system, offering a distinct ownership experience.

Key Features:

Aerodynamic design, revolutionary hydropneumatic suspension for self-leveling and adjustable ride height, DIRAVI (Direction à Rappel Asservi) speed-sensitive power steering, large glasshouse for excellent visibility, front-wheel drive, and comfortable interior. The 1985 model represents a mature iteration of the CX platform.

Owner Benefits:

Empowers owners to perform their own maintenance and repairs, saving money and ensuring high-quality work. Provides in-depth understanding of the vehicle for confident operation and emergency preparedness. Facilitates independent repair, bypassing the need for costly dealership services.

📋 Manual Details

Coverage Areas:

General Maintenance, Troubleshooting, Engine Service/Repair, Transmission Service/Repair, Brake System, Wiring Diagram, Electrical System, Suspension, Periodic Lubrication, Steering, Cooling System, Fuel Injection/Fuel System, Emission System, Engine Control System, Chassis/Body, Restraint System, Axle, and more.

Page Count:

Estimated 500-1000+ pages (typical for comprehensive service manuals of this era). Specific page count not provided in product information.

Manual Type:

Service and Repair Manual (Workshop Manual)

Language:

English

Format:

Downloadable PDF

Software Requirements:

Adobe PDF Reader and WinZip (or equivalent decompression software).

📖 Manual Coverage

Systems Covered:

Engine mechanical, fuel delivery, ignition, cooling, exhaust, emissions control, manual and automatic transmissions, drivetrain, axles, suspension (hydropneumatic and conventional), steering, braking system (including the advanced Citroën LHM system), hydraulic systems, electrical system (including component testing and wiring diagrams), body and chassis components, climate control, and interior systems.

Procedures Included:

Detailed disassembly, assembly, repair, diagnosis, troubleshooting, component replacement, fluid level checks and changes, lubrication, maintenance schedules, testing procedures, adjustments, and specifications for all covered systems.

Technical Depth:

Comprehensive, covering everything from basic scheduled maintenance and fluid changes to advanced engine overhauls, transmission rebuilds, complex electrical diagnostics, and the intricacies of the CX's unique hydropneumatic suspension and steering systems. Suitable for both DIY enthusiasts and professional mechanics.

Diagnostic Tools:

The manual will detail the use of standard automotive tools and may reference specific Citroën diagnostic tools or procedures necessary for the hydropneumatic system and electronic components (if present).

Specific Repair Procedures:

Includes procedures for cylinder head removal and overhaul, piston and con-rod installation, crankshaft main bearing replacement, valve timing adjustments, fuel pump servicing, injector testing (if applicable), transmission clutch replacement, differential bearing checks, CV joint replacement, shock absorber replacement (spheres), LHM accumulator recharging, brake caliper overhaul, and power steering rack rebuilding.

Electrical System Depth:

Extremely detailed, including comprehensive wiring diagrams for all vehicle systems, fuse box layouts, component testing procedures, and troubleshooting flowcharts for common electrical faults. Covers lighting, ignition, starting, charging, instruments, comfort systems, and the unique control modules for the hydropneumatic system.

Body And Trim:

Covers interior and exterior trim removal and installation, door panel repair, window regulator servicing, body panel replacement, alignment, rust prevention, and painting advice.

Troubleshooting Guides:

Extensive 'what-if' scenarios and diagnostic trees for various symptoms, from engine misfires and starting problems to brake fade and suspension leaks. A key resource for identifying and resolving issues efficiently.

Technical Data Tables:

Contains numerous tables of specifications, torque values, clearances, fluid capacities, electrical resistance values, and pressure readings crucial for accurate repair and adjustment.

📊 Manual Specifications

File Format:

PDF (Portable Document Format)

Print Quality:

Assumed high-quality digital reproduction, enabling clear viewing and printing. Requires Adobe PDF Reader.

Binding Type:

Not Applicable (Digital Download)

Paper Type:

Not Applicable (Digital Download)

File Quality:

The manual is provided in PDF format, requiring Adobe PDF Reader. Users will also need WinZip (or equivalent) for extraction. Compatibility with all Windows and Mac versions is stated.

Searchability:

PDF format typically allows for text searching of keywords, making it efficient to locate specific information within the manual.

Compatibility:

Compatible with all versions of Windows and Mac operating systems, provided the necessary software (Adobe PDF Reader, WinZip) is installed.

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Primary Engine:

The 1985 CX was primarily offered with Citroën's Douvrin 'Suitcase' engine, a 2.0-liter (1981 cc) inline-four cylinder gasoline engine. Other engine options, such as the 2.2-liter and turbodiesel variants, were also available in different markets or later model years, but the 2.0L is most commonly associated with this period. Specific engine codes like 'XM7' for the 2.0L may be detailed within the manual.

Performance:

The 2.0L engine typically produced around 106-112 hp (DIN) and approximately 135-140 Nm of torque. Performance was geared towards comfortable cruising rather than outright sportiness. Manual covers detailed specifications for various engine variants.

Fuel System:

The 1985 CX primarily utilized a carbureted fuel system, often with twin Solex or Weber carburetors, for the 2.0L engine. Later models and some variants might feature Bosch L-Jetronic or other fuel injection systems. The manual will provide detailed information on fuel pump operation, carburetor adjustment, and fuel injection system diagnosis.

Engine Code Examples:

For the 2.0L engine, common codes include XM7 or related variants. The manual will provide precise identification for all engine types and their specific codes.

Engine Layout:

Inline 4-cylinder, front-mounted, transverse or longitudinal depending on specific CX variant, driving the front wheels.

Cooling System Type:

Pressurized liquid cooling system with a radiator, fan (mechanical or electric), water pump, thermostat, and coolant reservoir. The manual will detail radiator capacity, coolant type, and bleeding procedures.

Valve Train:

Overhead valve (OHV) or overhead camshaft (OHC) depending on engine variant. The manual will specify the exact configuration and provide procedures for valve adjustment or timing belt replacement.

Emission Controls:

Depending on market, emission control systems may include exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), catalytic converters (on later models or specific markets), and air injection. The manual will cover the diagnosis and servicing of these systems.

🔧 Transmission

Standard:

A 4-speed manual transmission was standard on many CX models. The manual will detail its operation, maintenance, and repair, including clutch service.

Optional:

A 3-speed automatic transmission (often the BorgWarner BW 35 or its derivatives) was a common option, providing a smoother driving experience. The manual will cover the operation, diagnosis, and servicing of the automatic transmission.

Features:

The manual will describe gear ratios, fluid types (e.g., ATF Dexron II), clutch adjustment procedures, transmission mounts, and diagnostic routines for both manual and automatic gearboxes.

Gear Ratios:

The manual will contain detailed gear ratios for both manual and automatic transmissions, essential for performance analysis and diagnostics.

Clutch Type:

Single dry plate clutch for manual transmission models. The manual will cover clutch disc, pressure plate, and release bearing replacement procedures.

📐 Dimensions

Exterior:

Length: ~4.64 m (182.7 in), Width: ~1.77 m (69.7 in), Height: ~1.37 m (53.9 in). Wheelbase: ~2.93 m (115.4 in). These are approximate and may vary slightly by body style (sedan, estate/break). Manual includes detailed body panel dimensions and alignment specifications.

Interior:

The CX featured a spacious interior with a unique dashboard design. The manual will detail trim removal, seating mechanisms, dashboard components, and interior electronics.

Cargo:

The sedan offered a substantial boot, while the estate version provided significantly more cargo space. Manuals typically include cargo volume figures and associated specifications.

Weights:

Curb weight typically ranged from 1250 kg to 1450 kg, depending on engine and equipment. Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) will be specified in the manual for load-carrying capacities.

Wheel Bolt Pattern:

Typically 4x140mm or 5x108mm depending on the specific wheel hub and model variant. The manual will confirm the correct pattern for the 1985 CX.

Tire Sizes:

Common sizes included 185 HR 14, 195/70 R14, and 205/60 R15 for higher performance models. The manual will specify the correct sizes for each trim level.

🛡️ Safety Features

Ratings:

Safety ratings from the 1980s are not directly comparable to modern standards. However, the CX was designed with safety in mind, featuring a strong unibody construction and ample glass for visibility. The manual details restraint systems and passive safety features.

Active Features:

The advanced hydropneumatic suspension inherently contributes to active safety by maintaining a level ride and consistent handling characteristics under varying loads and road conditions. The DIRAVI steering also enhances stability at higher speeds.

Passive Features:

The manual covers seat belts, the construction of crumple zones, impact-absorbing steering column, and the general structural integrity of the vehicle. It will detail procedures for checking and replacing seat belt components.

Brake System Type:

A highly advanced system utilizing Dunlop or Michelin hydropneumatic fluid (LHM) for both braking and suspension. Features include self-adjusting brakes and often a 'brake regulator' or pressure accumulator. The manual details the entire hydraulic circuit.

Lighting System:

Comprehensive coverage of headlights, taillights, turn signals, interior lighting, and auxiliary lighting, including bulb types, replacement procedures, and electrical troubleshooting. The manual will include detailed wiring diagrams for the lighting circuits.

💡 Technology Features

Infotainment:

The 1985 CX typically featured a basic AM/FM radio, often with a cassette player. The manual will cover the removal and installation of the radio and speaker systems.

Driver Assistance:

The primary driver assistance technology was the DIRAVI steering system, which provided progressive power assistance linked to vehicle speed. The hydropneumatic suspension also acted as a form of advanced suspension control, offering exceptional stability and comfort.

Connectivity:

Connectivity in the 1985 CX was limited to basic automotive wiring for lights, ignition, and ancillary systems. The manual's electrical diagrams are essential for understanding and troubleshooting these connections.

🔧 Maintenance

Service Intervals:

The manual will provide a detailed schedule for routine maintenance, including oil changes (e.g., every 10,000 km or 6 months), filter replacements (oil, air, fuel), spark plug checks, brake inspections, and hydropneumatic system servicing (e.g., fluid changes, pressure checks). Specific intervals for timing belt replacement (if applicable to the engine variant) will be critical.

Fluid Specifications:

Key fluids include: Engine Oil (e.g., 10W-40 or 20W-50 API SG/SH), Coolant (50/50 mix of antifreeze and distilled water), Brake Fluid (DOT 3 or DOT 4), Transmission Fluid (API GL-4 for manual, ATF Dexron II for automatic), Power Steering Fluid (specific hydraulic fluid), and the critical Citroën LHM (Liquide Hydraulique Minéral) for the suspension and brakes. Capacities for all fluid reservoirs will be listed.

Known Issues:

Common issues for the CX include potential leaks in the hydropneumatic system (especially sphere seals and hose connections), wear on the DIRAVI steering components, electrical gremlins due to age, and carburetor issues on older models. The manual provides diagnostic procedures to address these.

Suspension Fluid Type:

Citroën LHM (Liquide Hydraulique Minéral) - a mineral-based hydraulic fluid, distinct from typical power steering fluid or brake fluid. The manual will specify the exact LHM type and change intervals.

Lubrication Schedule:

Detailed charts for chassis lubrication points, suspension lubrication, and specific component greasing will be provided, along with the correct lubricant types.

Brake Fluid Type:

Typically DOT 3 or DOT 4 for the hydraulic circuits that are not part of the main LHM system. The LHM itself is a specialized mineral fluid.

Suspension Component Wear:

Common wear items include hydropneumatic spheres (requiring periodic recharging or replacement), suspension hydraulic fluid, and various seals and hoses. The manual details inspection and replacement intervals.

📚 Vehicle History

Brand Heritage:

Citroën has a long history of innovation, particularly in suspension and automotive design, dating back to André Citroën. The CX inherited the spirit of groundbreaking vehicles like the DS and SM.

Model Evolution:

Introduced in 1974 as the successor to the legendary DS, the CX was produced until 1997. It underwent significant updates over its lifespan, including engine changes, styling refinements (like the 'Series 2' facelift in 1986), and interior improvements. The 1985 model is part of the 'Series 1' evolution.

Production:

Produced primarily in France (Rennes-sur-Vilaine and Aulnay-sous-Bois) and Belgium (Forest). The CX was a significant model for Citroën, achieving substantial sales numbers throughout its production run.

Unique Design Elements:

The CX's 'single-spoke' steering wheel, dashboard 'satellite' controls, and reclining front seats are iconic features covered in detail within the manual for repair and adjustment.

Chassis Type:

Unibody construction with front subframe for engine and suspension. The rear suspension is integrated into the body structure.

Body Styles:

Primarily offered as a 4-door sedan and a 5-door estate (Break). Some variants like the CX Prestige (long wheelbase) and the CX Turbo were also produced.

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Recognitions:

The Citroën CX received numerous accolades during its production run for its innovative design and engineering, including Car of the Year nominations and awards for styling and comfort. While specific 1985 awards are less prominent, the model's continuous improvement was recognized.