Segment:
Compact Executive Sports Sedan
Target Audience:
Enthusiasts, DIY mechanics, professional workshops specializing in classic BMWs.
Competitors Era:
Mercedes-Benz W123 Coupe, Audi 80/Fox, Alfa Romeo Alfetta, Ford Capri, Opel Rekord.
Driving Dynamics:
Renowned BMW driving dynamics, sporty handling, rear-wheel drive, balanced chassis.
Design Heritage:
Classic BMW 'Neue Klasse' design language influence, clean lines, driver-focused cockpit.
Content Value:
Provides essential, detailed information for maintaining and repairing the iconic BMW E21 323 model, crucial for preserving its performance and value.
Applicable Years:
1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984
Type:
Workshop Service Repair Manual
Engine:
Complete engine mechanicals, cylinder head, block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, timing gear, lubrication system, cooling system, fuel system (carburetor and early injection), ignition system.
Transmission:
Manual and automatic transmission overhaul, clutch operation, gearbox internals, driveshafts, differential.
Brakes:
Hydraulic system, front disc brakes, rear drum brakes, parking brake, troubleshooting.
Suspension Steering:
Front suspension (MacPherson struts), rear semi-trailing arms, shock absorbers, springs, steering rack, power steering system.
Electrical:
Wiring diagrams, battery, alternator, starter motor, lighting system, instruments, ignition switch, fuses, relays, troubleshooting electrical faults.
Body Chassis:
Body panels, doors, windows, interior trim, bumpers, chassis lubrication, rust prevention.
Fuel System:
Carburetor tuning (e.g., Solex, Zenith), fuel pumps, fuel lines, fuel tank servicing.
Exhaust System:
Exhaust manifold, catalytic converter (where applicable), mufflers, pipes.
Maintenance:
Routine servicing, oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug replacement, valve adjustments, coolant flushes, brake fluid changes.
Repair:
Engine rebuilds, transmission overhauls, suspension component replacement, brake system repairs, electrical component diagnosis and repair, bodywork repairs.
Troubleshooting:
Diagnostic procedures for common engine, transmission, electrical, and braking issues with symptom-based guidance.
Diagnostics:
Detailed diagnostic steps for identifying and rectifying faults across all major vehicle systems.
Depth:
Comprehensive, covering everything from basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including detailed torque specifications and clearances.
Engine Type:
Inline-6 Cylinder, SOHC (Single Overhead Camshaft)
Displacement:
2316 cc (2.3 Liters)
Horsepower Net SAE:
Approx. 143 hp (107 kW) at 5700 rpm (varies slightly by market/year)
Torque Net SAE:
Approx. 190 Nm (140 lb-ft) at 4000 rpm (varies slightly by market/year)
Fuel Delivery:
Bosch L-Jetronic Fuel Injection
Fuel Type:
Unleaded Gasoline (RON 95 recommended)
Cooling Type:
Water-cooled
Oil Capacity:
Approx. 4.5 Liters (with filter change)
Ignition Type:
Electronic Ignition (Distributor-based)
Crash Test Era:
Pre-modern crash testing era; emphasis on passive safety features available at the time.
Brakes:
Front disc brakes with ventilated rotors, rear drum brakes.
Body Structure:
Reinforced passenger cell, safety steering column, crumple zones.
Interior:
Padded dashboard, inertia-reel seat belts (front).
Oil Change Interval:
Every 7,500 - 10,000 miles or 12 months (recommendation varies based on usage; consult manual for specifics).
Spark Plug Replacement:
Every 20,000 - 30,000 miles (recommendation varies by plug type).
Coolant Flush:
Every 24 months or 30,000 miles.
Timing Belt Chain:
M20 engines use a timing chain, which is generally maintenance-free unless stretching or wear occurs. Consult manual for inspection guidelines.
Engine Oil Spec:
API SG/SH or ACEA A2/A3; Viscosity: 10W-40 or 15W-40 recommended (check manual for specific ambient temperature ranges).
Coolant Type:
Ethylene glycol based antifreeze with corrosion inhibitors. BMW recommends a 50/50 mix with distilled water.
Brake Fluid Spec:
DOT 3 or DOT 4.
Engine Wear:
Can experience wear in valve guides, oil seals, and potential head gasket issues if not properly maintained. M20 engines are generally robust.
Cooling System:
Radiator, water pump, and thermostat can be points of failure due to age. Ensure consistent coolant level and condition.
Electrical System:
Age-related degradation of wiring harnesses, fuse box corrosion, and switch failures are common. Requires diligent inspection and potential repair.
Fuel System:
Fuel accumulator, pump, and injectors (on early L-Jetronic) can become clogged or fail with age. Carburetor models require periodic tuning.
Suspension Components:
Worn control arm bushings, ball joints, and shock absorbers are common, impacting ride and handling.
Bmw Philosophy:
BMW's commitment to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine,' emphasizing performance, engineering, and driver engagement.
E21 Introduction:
Introduced in 1975 as the successor to the highly successful BMW 02 Series, establishing BMW's entry into the compact executive sedan market segment.
E21 Facelift:
Received a facelift in 1977 with revised interior, updated engines, and improved aerodynamics (e.g., larger front air dam).
E21 Engines:
Initially offered with 4-cylinder engines (316, 318, 320) and the 6-cylinder 323i (later 323) was the range-topping model for much of its life.
Production Years:
1975-1983
Manufacturing Locations:
Germany (primarily Munich and Dingolfing)
