🏷️ Basic Information

Make:

Harley-Davidson

Model:

Softail

Year:

2012

Chassis Code:

FLSTFB (Fat Boy Lo), FLSTF (Fat Boy), FLSTC (Heritage Classic), FLSTN (Deluxe), FXSTC (Custom), FXST (Standard - though less common for 2012 Softail lineup, check VIN)

👋 Introduction

Vehicle Segment:

Cruiser motorcycle, a cornerstone of the Harley-Davidson lineup, known for its classic styling and V-twin character.

Target Audience:

Riders seeking a powerful, stylish, and iconic American motorcycle for cruising and touring, as well as DIY enthusiasts and independent repair shops.

Competitors:

Other American V-twin cruisers from brands like Indian Motorcycle, as well as Japanese cruisers from Honda (Shadow series), Yamaha (V-Star series), Kawasaki (Vulcan series), and Suzuki (Boulevard series).

Platform Design:

Softail platform characterized by a hidden rear suspension system that mimics the appearance of a rigid hardtail frame, offering a blend of classic looks and modern ride comfort.

Engine Heritage:

Features Harley-Davidson's renowned V-twin engine architecture, providing characteristic torque and sound.

Customization Potential:

Known for its extensive customization potential, allowing owners to personalize their bikes with a vast array of genuine Harley-Davidson and aftermarket accessories.

📋 Manual Details

Models Covered:

All Harley-Davidson Softail models for the 2012 model year, including but not limited to Fat Boy, Fat Boy Lo, Heritage Classic, Deluxe, and potentially others based on the specific VIN and sub-model designation.

Estimated Pages:

Approximately 600-800 pages (typical for a comprehensive service manual of this era).

Type:

Service and Repair Manual

Language:

English

Format:

PDF

📖 Manual Coverage

Engine Mechanical:

Detailed coverage of Twin Cam 96 (1584cc) and Twin Cam 103 (1690cc) engines, including disassembly, inspection, assembly, valve train, pistons, cylinders, crankshaft, camshafts, oil pump, and cooling systems.

Fuel System:

Comprehensive coverage of fuel injection (EFI) systems, including throttle body, fuel pump, injectors, sensors (MAP, IAT, TPS, O2), fuel lines, and pressure regulator. Includes diagnostics and troubleshooting for common EFI issues.

Ignition System:

Detailed procedures for ignition system components, including spark plugs, ignition coils, crank position sensor, and ignition module troubleshooting.

Exhaust System:

Information on exhaust pipes, mufflers, catalytic converters (if equipped), and mounting hardware. May include basic emissions system checks.

Transmission Drivetrain:

Complete coverage of the 6-speed Cruise Drive transmission, including clutch operation, gear engagement, primary drive, and final drive belt inspection and adjustment.

Brakes:

Detailed procedures for hydraulic brake systems (front and rear), including caliper service, master cylinder maintenance, brake line bleeding, and ABS system troubleshooting (if equipped).

Suspension:

Information on front fork assembly (e.g., Springer forks on some models, conventional telescopic forks), rear shock absorbers, and related adjustments.

Electrical System:

Extensive coverage of the 12V electrical system, including battery, charging system (stator, regulator/rectifier), starting system (starter motor, solenoid), lighting, horn, and accessory circuits.

Instrumentation Controls:

Troubleshooting and repair for instrument cluster, speedometer, tachometer, indicator lamps, switches, and control cables/levers.

Body Frame:

Procedures for body panel removal and installation (fenders, fuel tank, side covers), frame inspection, and steering head bearing service.

Wheels Tires:

Information on wheel bearing inspection and replacement, tire inspection, and general advice on wheel alignment.

Diagnostics:

Includes diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), troubleshooting flowcharts, and specific diagnostic procedures for various systems, often requiring a diagnostic tool (e.g., Harley-Davidson Digital Technician).

Routine Maintenance:

Oil changes, filter replacements, drive belt tensioning and inspection, brake pad inspection, tire pressure checks, and general lubrication.

Engine Repair:

Complete engine rebuild procedures, including torque specifications for all critical fasteners, component clearances, and assembly sequences.

Transmission Repair:

Clutch adjustment, transmission fluid changes, primary chain adjustment, and internal transmission component replacement/repair.

Brake Service:

Brake fluid flush and bleed, brake pad replacement, caliper seal replacement, and rotor inspection.

Electrical Diagnostics:

Wiring diagrams, troubleshooting of electrical faults, charging system testing, and starter system diagnosis.

Suspension Service:

Fork oil replacement, fork seal replacement, rear shock absorber adjustment and replacement.

Fuel System Diagnostics:

Fuel pressure testing, sensor testing, injector cleaning and testing, and troubleshooting EFI performance issues.

Troubleshooting Guides:

Step-by-step diagnostic procedures for common problems, including starting issues, poor performance, electrical gremlins, and braking problems.

Special Tools Procedures:

Identification and usage instructions for specialized Harley-Davidson tools required for certain repair procedures.

Depth:

Comprehensive, covering everything from routine maintenance and basic adjustments to full engine and transmission overhauls, advanced electrical diagnostics, and frame-level repairs.

📊 Manual Specifications

File Type:

PDF

Searchability:

Typically searchable text within the PDF, allowing for quick access to specific topics.

Print Quality:

High resolution, suitable for printing individual pages or the entire manual.

Binding:

N/A (PDF format)

Paper Quality:

N/A (PDF format)

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Engine Family:

Harley-Davidson Twin Cam

Displacement 1:

1584cc (96 cubic inches)

Displacement 2:

1690cc (103 cubic inches) - common on CVO models and some standard Softails as an upgrade.

Configuration:

Air-cooled, 45-degree V-twin

Bore X Stroke 96Ci:

3.75 in x 4.38 in (95.25 mm x 111.25 mm)

Bore X Stroke 103Ci:

3.875 in x 4.38 in (98.4 mm x 111.25 mm)

Valvetrain:

Overhead valves (OHV), 2 valves per cylinder, pushrod actuated.

Horsepower 96Ci:

Approximately 70-75 HP (at crankshaft, estimates vary by source and tuning)

Torque 96Ci:

Approximately 92-96 lb-ft @ 3200 RPM (at crankshaft)

Horsepower 103Ci:

Approximately 75-80 HP (at crankshaft, estimates vary)

Torque 103Ci:

Approximately 98-102 lb-ft @ 3500 RPM (at crankshaft)

Induction:

Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI) - Harley-Davidson's proprietary EFI system.

Fuel Type:

Unleaded Gasoline, minimum 87 octane (91 Research Octane recommended for optimal performance).

Fuel Tank Capacity:

Typically 5.0 gallons (18.9 L)

🔧 Transmission

Type:

6-speed Cruise Drive Manual Transmission

Gear Ratios:

1st: 9.312, 2nd: 6.650, 3rd: 4.947, 4th: 3.832, 5th: 3.157, 6th: 2.625 (Typical for Twin Cam 96/103)

Transmission Options:

No automatic or other transmission options typically available for Softail models in 2012. Manual 6-speed is standard.

Primary Drive:

Wet, multi-plate clutch, chain drive

Final Drive:

Belt Drive, 140T rear, 32T front (typical ratio 2.20)

Transmission Fluid Type:

Harley-Davidson recommends H-D® transmission fluid or equivalent SAE 75W-140 synthetic gear oil.

📐 Dimensions

Length:

Varies by model, typically 94-96 inches (2388-2438 mm)

Width:

Varies by model, typically 37-39 inches (940-990 mm)

Height:

Varies by model, typically 45-49 inches (1143-1245 mm)

Wheelbase:

Varies by model, typically 64.2 - 66.2 inches (1630 - 1681 mm)

Dry Weight:

Varies by model, typically 620 - 680 lbs (281 - 308 kg)

Gvwr:

Not typically specified by Harley-Davidson in the same way as cars, but rider+payload capacity is a key consideration.

Payload Capacity:

Typically around 500-600 lbs (227-272 kg), including rider and passenger.

🛡️ Safety Features

Crash Test Ratings:

N/A (Motorcycles are not subjected to standardized automotive crash testing protocols like cars.)

Braking System:

Dual-piston front caliper, single-piston rear caliper. ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) was available as an option on some models for 2012.

Lighting:

Halogen headlamp, LED tail/stop lamp, incandescent turn signals.

Frame Construction:

Steel frame with hidden rear shock absorbers contributing to rider comfort and stability.

Tire Construction:

Tubeless tires, typically with bias-ply construction for comfort and classic feel.

💡 Technology Features

Audio System:

Many Softail models in 2012 did not come standard with integrated infotainment systems beyond basic warning lights and indicators. Optional audio systems (e.g., Boom! Audio) were available from dealers or aftermarket.

ABS Availability:

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) was an optional feature on most 2012 Softail models. This manual will cover its diagnostics and maintenance if equipped.

Diagnostic Port:

Diagnostic connector (typically a 4-pin Deutsch connector) for use with Harley-Davidson's proprietary diagnostic software (e.g., Digital Technician) for reading DTCs and performing system tests.

Cruise Control:

Electronic cruise control was available as an option on many 2012 Softail models, especially touring-oriented variants.

🔧 Maintenance

Engine Oil Change:

Every 5,000 miles (8,000 km) or 12 months, whichever comes first.

Transmission Fluid Change:

Every 10,000 miles (16,000 km) or 24 months.

Primary Chain Case Oil Change:

Every 10,000 miles (16,000 km) or 24 months.

Drive Belt Inspection Tensioning:

Inspect at every 5,000 miles (8,000 km) service interval, adjust as needed.

Spark Plug Replacement:

Every 10,000 miles (16,000 km).

Brake Fluid Flush:

Every 24 months, regardless of mileage.

Engine Oil Type:

Harley-Davidson® 20W-50 SYN3® Synthetic or H-D® 20W-50 oil. Check owner's manual for specific recommendations based on ambient temperature.

Engine Oil Capacity:

Approximately 4.0 US quarts (3.8 L) with filter change.

Transmission Fluid Type:

SAE 75W-140 Synthetic Gear Lubricant (e.g., Harley-Davidson® Transmission Fluid or Syn3®).

Transmission Fluid Capacity:

Approximately 1.0 US quart (0.95 L).

Primary Chain Case Oil Type:

Harley-Davidson® primary chain case lubricant or Formula®+. Primary Oil.

Primary Chain Case Oil Capacity:

Approximately 2.5 US quarts (2.4 L).

Brake Fluid Type:

DOT 4 Hydraulic Brake Fluid (ensure compliance with Harley-Davidson specifications).

Charging System:

Rotor failure, regulator/rectifier issues can lead to battery charging problems. Early detection and repair are crucial.

Fuel System Efi:

Intermittent performance issues, check engine lights can be related to sensor failures (e.g., Crank Position Sensor, Throttle Position Sensor) or fuel pump issues.

Transmission Noise:

Some Twin Cam transmissions can exhibit a characteristic 'clunk' or rattling noise at idle, often considered normal operation for the design, but any significant change warrants inspection.

Oil Leaks:

Potential for oil leaks from primary cover, transmission, or engine cases due to aging seals or gaskets. Regular inspection is recommended.

Suspension Wear:

Fork seals can degrade over time, leading to leaks. Rear shock absorbers may lose damping effectiveness.

📚 Vehicle History

Legacy:

Harley-Davidson is an iconic American motorcycle manufacturer with a history dating back to 1903, renowned for its V-twin engines and cruiser motorcycles.

Softail Lineage:

The Softail platform was introduced in 1983, designed to replicate the look of a rigid frame while incorporating modern suspension for improved ride quality. The 2012 models represent an evolution of this successful design, incorporating the Twin Cam engine and updated features.

Engine Progression:

The Twin Cam engine series replaced the Evolution (Evo) engine in 1999 and has been a staple of Harley-Davidson's lineup, with displacement increases (like the 103ci) becoming common to enhance performance.

Manufacturing Location:

Harley-Davidson motorcycles are primarily manufactured in the United States (e.g., York, Pennsylvania; Milwaukee, Wisconsin).

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Brand Accolades:

Harley-Davidson motorcycles are consistently recognized for their iconic design, V-twin performance, and cultural impact. While specific awards for the 2012 Softail lineup aren't typically tracked like automotive awards, the platform itself is a long-standing success.

Customer Satisfaction:

Harley-Davidson generally enjoys high customer loyalty and satisfaction, often attributed to the brand experience, performance, and customization options.

Emissions Compliance:

All 2012 Harley-Davidson motorcycles comply with applicable emissions standards set forth by regulatory bodies such as the EPA in the United States.