🏷️ Basic Information

Make:

BMW

Model:

518

Year:

1985

Chassis Code:

E28

👋 Introduction

Segment:

Executive Sedan / Mid-size Luxury Sedan

Target Audience:

Owners of the BMW 518 (E28 chassis) seeking to perform maintenance, repairs, or restoration.

Competitors:

Mercedes-Benz W124 E-Class, Audi 100, Volvo 240/740, Jaguar XJ.

Handling Dynamics:

Renowned BMW driving dynamics, balanced chassis, precise steering.

Build Quality:

Solid construction, durable materials, typical German engineering.

Design Era:

Classic 1980s BMW design language by Claus Luthe.

Value Proposition:

Empowers owners with the knowledge to maintain and repair their vehicle, potentially saving significant costs.

Scope Of Coverage:

Exhaustive, covering virtually every aspect of the vehicle's mechanical and electrical systems.

Diagnostic Focus:

Strong emphasis on systematic troubleshooting and diagnostic procedures.

📋 Manual Details

Engine:

Full coverage of the M10 engine variants for the 518 model.

Transmission:

Manual and automatic transmission service and repair.

Electrical System:

Detailed wiring diagrams and component troubleshooting.

Suspension Steering:

Front and rear suspension, steering system overhaul.

Brakes:

Brake system diagnostics, repair, and bleeding procedures.

Body Chassis:

Body repair, panel replacement, chassis adjustments.

Fuel Exhaust:

Fuel injection system, exhaust system maintenance and repair.

Heating Cooling:

HVAC system diagnosis and component replacement.

Estimated Pages:

900+

Type:

Full Service & Repair Manual

Language:

English

Format:

Digital (PDF)

📖 Manual Coverage

Powertrain:

Engine, fuel, ignition, cooling, exhaust, manual and automatic transmissions.

Drivetrain:

Driveshafts, differentials, axles.

Chassis Components:

Suspension (front McPherson strut, rear independent trailing arm), steering (power assisted rack and pinion), brakes (front ventilated discs, rear discs), wheels, tires.

Electrical Electronics:

Battery, charging system (alternator), starting system, lighting, instrumentation, ignition, fuel injection control unit (L-Jetronic or similar), power windows, central locking, wipers, horn.

Body Interior:

Body panel removal and installation, interior trim, seats, safety belts, glass replacement.

Maintenance:

Oil and filter changes, air filter replacement, spark plug service, coolant flush, brake fluid replacement, clutch fluid replacement, belt inspection/replacement, lubrication points.

Diagnostics:

Troubleshooting guides for common and uncommon issues, diagnostic procedures for fuel injection, ignition, and electrical systems.

Repair Rebuild:

Detailed instructions for engine overhaul (cylinder head, pistons, crankshaft), transmission rebuild, brake caliper and master cylinder replacement, suspension component replacement, electrical component repair.

Adjustments Settings:

Valve clearance adjustment, ignition timing, idle speed adjustment, wheel alignment specifications.

Installation Replacement:

Procedures for replacing major components such as alternator, starter, fuel pump, radiators, water pump, clutch assembly, shock absorbers.

Depth:

Comprehensive, from basic fluid services to complete engine and transmission rebuilds. Includes diagnostic flowcharts and detailed component specifications.

📊 Manual Specifications

File Type:

PDF

Searchability:

Fully searchable text for quick information retrieval.

Printability:

Printable pages for on-the-go reference in a workshop environment.

Resolution:

High-resolution images, diagrams, and schematics.

Binding:

N/A (Digital Format)

Paper Quality:

N/A (Digital Format)

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Engine Code:

M10 (typically variant 2.0L)

Configuration:

Inline 4-cylinder, SOHC

Displacement:

1990 cc (2.0 Liters)

Bore X Stroke:

89.0 mm x 79.0 mm

Horsepower:

Approx. 115-125 hp (varies slightly by market/tuning)

Torque:

Approx. 170-180 Nm (varies slightly by market/tuning)

Injection Type:

Bosch L-Jetronic (or similar early electronic fuel injection)

Fuel Type:

Unleaded Gasoline (RON 95/98 recommended)

Ignition Type:

Electronic ignition (breakerless, single coil)

Type:

Liquid-cooled, pressurized system

Oil Capacity W Filter:

Approximately 4.25 Liters (4.5 US Quarts)

🔧 Transmission

Type:

4-speed Manual (Getrag 262 or similar)

Type:

3-speed or 4-speed Automatic (ZF 4HPxx series)

Clutch Type:

Single dry plate, hydraulically operated diaphragm clutch

Manual Transmission Fluid:

API GL-4, SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90 (verify specific BMW recommendation)

Automatic Transmission Fluid:

Dexron III or equivalent (verify specific BMW recommendation)

📐 Dimensions

Length:

Approximately 4620 mm (181.9 in)

Width:

Approximately 1700 mm (66.9 in)

Height:

Approximately 1415 mm (55.7 in)

Wheelbase:

Approximately 2700 mm (106.3 in)

Curb Weight:

Approximately 1300-1400 kg (2866-3086 lbs) depending on options

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating:

Approx. 1850 kg (4079 lbs)

Trunk Capacity:

Generous for its class, often quoted around 460 liters (16.2 cu ft)

🛡️ Safety Features

Historical Testing:

Vehicles of this era did not undergo standardized crash testing like modern vehicles. Focus was on structural integrity and passive safety features for the time.

Braking:

Front ventilated disc brakes, rear disc brakes (standard for most E28 models). Optional ABS was available on higher trims and later models, but less common on the 518.

Steering:

Power assisted rack and pinion steering for improved control.

Seatbelts:

Three-point inertia-reel seatbelts (front), lap belts (rear standard, three-point optional).

Body Structure:

Reinforced safety cell, crumple zones (front and rear).

Headrests:

Front headrests standard, rear headrests optional.

💡 Technology Features

Audio System:

Typically an AM/FM radio with cassette player. Some models may have optional upgraded sound systems (e.g., Blaupunkt, Becker).

Display:

Basic analog gauges for speedometer, tachometer, fuel level, coolant temperature, and oil pressure. Warning lights for various systems.

ABS:

Anti-lock Braking System was an optional feature on higher-spec E28 models, less common on the 518. If equipped, it provides enhanced braking stability.

Original Connectivity:

N/A. No integrated Bluetooth, USB, or smartphone integration. Analog systems only.

🔧 Maintenance

Oil Change:

Every 10,000 km (6,000 miles) or 12 months, whichever comes first (synthetic oil recommended).

Air Filter:

Every 20,000 km (12,000 miles) or 24 months.

Spark Plugs:

Every 40,000 km (24,000 miles) or 36 months (depending on plug type).

Coolant Flush:

Every 2 years or 40,000 km (24,000 miles).

Brake Fluid Change:

Every 2 years, regardless of mileage.

Engine Oil:

API SG/SH, SAE 10W-40 or 15W-50 (check manual for specific viscosity based on climate). BMW High Performance Synthetic recommended.

Coolant:

BMW Antifreeze/Coolant (blue or green type, ethylene glycol based, 50/50 mix with distilled water).

Brake Fluid:

DOT 3 or DOT 4 (verify specific BMW requirement for this model year).

Rust:

Common areas include wheel arches, rocker panels, sills, and around windows due to age and material coatings of the era.

Fuel System Aging:

Degradation of rubber fuel lines and seals, potential issues with fuel pump and injectors on high-mileage examples.

Electrical Gremlins:

Age-related issues with wiring harness insulation, connectors, and grounds, particularly affecting dashboard lights, sensors, and accessories.

Suspension Wear:

Worn control arm bushings, ball joints, and tie rod ends can lead to imprecise handling and noise.

Cooling System Leaks:

Aging radiator, hoses, and water pump can lead to coolant leaks and overheating. Thermostat housing can also be a leak point.

Exhaust Manifold Cracks:

The cast iron exhaust manifold can develop cracks over time due to thermal cycling, leading to exhaust leaks and ticking noises.

Idle Instability:

Can be caused by vacuum leaks, faulty idle control valve, or issues with the airflow meter or throttle body.

📚 Vehicle History

Bmw Philosophy:

BMW's long-standing reputation for 'The Ultimate Driving Machine,' emphasizing performance, engineering, and driver engagement.

E28 Generation:

The E28 was the second generation of the BMW 5 Series, produced from 1981 to 1988. It succeeded the E12 and was known for its improved aerodynamics, refined interiors, and the introduction of diesel engines and ABS in certain markets. The 518 was an entry-level model focusing on efficiency and affordability within the premium segment.

518 Positioning:

The 518 represented the most accessible 5 Series variant, often targeted at markets where engine displacement taxes were significant or for buyers prioritizing lower running costs. It utilized the robust and reliable M10 engine, a long-standing BMW powerplant.

Production Years:

1981-1988 (E28 generation)

Manufacturing Location:

Germany (various BMW plants)

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Historical Acclaim:

The E28 generation of the 5 Series was generally well-received by automotive press for its driving dynamics, build quality, and technological advancements for its time. While the 518 was an entry-level model, it benefited from the overall positive reputation of the 5 Series.

Reliability Perception:

Generally considered reliable if maintained correctly. The M10 engine is known for its robustness.

Manual Quality:

Industry standard for comprehensive repair documentation, trusted by professional mechanics and DIY enthusiasts.