Segment:
Executive Sedan, Entry-level Luxury
Competitors:
Mercedes-Benz W123, Audi 100, Volvo 240
Brand Philosophy:
Sporty handling, build quality, driver engagement
Model Differentiation:
More affordable entry point into the BMW 5 Series lineup, known for its reliability and fuel efficiency compared to larger engine variants
Engine:
M10B18 (2.0L inline-4), including overhaul, tuning, cooling system, lubrication system, fuel delivery, ignition system
Transmission:
Getrag 260 (4-speed manual), clutch, drivetrain, propeller shaft, differential
Suspension:
Front MacPherson struts, rear semi-trailing arms, shock absorbers, springs, bushings, steering system (including power steering)
Brakes:
Front ventilated discs, rear drums (standard on 518), hydraulic system, parking brake
Electrical:
12V system, battery, alternator, starter motor, lighting system, dashboard instruments, fuses, relays, engine management sensors, wiring diagrams
Body:
Chassis structure, body panels, doors, windows, bumpers, interior trim, heating and ventilation system
Routine Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug replacement, fluid level checks, belt adjustments
Engine Repair:
Engine rebuild, piston and ring replacement, cylinder head overhaul, valve adjustments, timing chain replacement
Transmission Repair:
Clutch replacement, transmission fluid change, gearbox overhaul (manual)
Brake Service:
Brake pad and shoe replacement, brake fluid flush, caliper and cylinder overhaul
Electrical Diagnostics:
Troubleshooting electrical faults using wiring diagrams, component testing, starter/alternator testing
Suspension And Steering:
Shock absorber replacement, control arm bushing replacement, steering rack adjustment
Depth:
Comprehensive, from basic maintenance to major overhauls and detailed diagnostics
Era Standard:
Meets 1980s passive safety standards
Brakes:
Four-wheel disc brakes (optional front ventilated, rear drums standard) with dual-circuit hydraulic system
Steering:
Recirculating ball steering, optional power steering
Body Structure:
Integrated safety cage, crumple zones
Restraints:
Seat belts (three-point front, two-point rear)
Oil Change:
Every 5,000 - 7,500 miles (8,000 - 12,000 km) or annually
Air Filter Replacement:
Every 15,000 - 20,000 miles (24,000 - 32,000 km)
Spark Plug Replacement:
Every 20,000 - 30,000 miles (32,000 - 48,000 km)
Engine Oil:
API SG, SAE 20W-50 or 15W-40 (check specific climate recommendations in manual)
Coolant:
50/50 mix of antifreeze and distilled water (BMW recommended silicate-free coolant)
Brake Fluid:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 (low viscosity)
Transmission Fluid Manual:
GL-4 SAE 75W-90 gear oil
Transmission Fluid Automatic:
Dexron III (or equivalent)
Common Problems:
Cooling system leaks (radiator, hoses), fuel injection system maintenance, door seal degradation, rust in common areas (wheel arches, sills), ignition component wear
Troubleshooting Focus:
Manual provides detailed diagnostic steps for common M10 engine issues, including hard starting, rough idle, and power loss
Legacy:
BMW's reputation for engineering, performance, and luxury sedans
Generation:
E28 chassis, succeeding the E12 5 Series
Introduction Era:
E28 generation introduced in 1981, replacing the E12
Production Years E28:
1981-1987
Manufacturing Location:
Germany
