Engine Mechanical:
Complete overhaul, diagnostics, timing, lubrication, cooling, fuel injection, emissions control
Engine Electrical:
Ignition system, starter, alternator, sensor diagnostics (MAF, O2, Crank/Cam), ECU troubleshooting
Transmission Automatic:
ZF 6HP Series (6HP26), torque converter, valve body, clutch packs, solenoids, electronic control unit (TCU)
Transmission Manual:
Not applicable for 645Ci, but manual would cover differential and drive axles
Brakes:
Hydraulic system, ABS, DSC (Dynamic Stability Control), brake pad/rotor replacement, bleeding procedures, sensor diagnostics
Suspension:
Front/rear suspension components, struts, shocks, control arms, bushings, alignment specifications, self-leveling suspension (if equipped)
Steering:
Power steering system (Hydraulic), steering rack, column, associated sensors and actuators
Electrical System Body:
Lighting (headlights, taillights, interior), power windows, locks, mirrors, seats, sunroof, wipers, horn
Climate Control:
HVAC system, blower motor, evaporator, condenser, refrigerant handling, climate control module diagnostics
Infotainment Navigation:
iDrive system, radio, CD player, navigation unit, Bluetooth integration, speaker system troubleshooting
Safety Systems:
Airbag system (SRS), seatbelt pre-tensioners, occupant sensor diagnostics, crash sensor locations
Maintenance Routine:
Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks and top-offs, spark plug replacement, belt inspection/replacement
Diagnostics Troubleshooting:
Component testing, fault code interpretation (DTCs), wiring diagrams, circuit testing, system-specific diagnostic trees
Repair Overhaul:
Engine component replacement (pistons, valves, crankshaft), transmission rebuild, suspension component replacement, body panel repair
Electrical Diagnostics:
Wiring harness repair, component testing using multimeter/oscilloscope, ECU programming and diagnostics
Body Exterior:
Panel removal/installation, door mechanisms, trunk/hood operation, bumper repair
Body Interior:
Dashboard removal, seat installation, trim panel replacement, headliner repair
Diagnostic Tools:
Coverage includes use of BMW ISTA/D (or equivalent diagnostic software) and specialized tools
Repair Complexity:
From basic fluid changes to complete engine and transmission overhauls, including complex electronic system diagnosis and repair
Specifications Tolerances:
Detailed torque specifications, clearances, fluid capacities, and critical measurement tolerances
Transmission Type:
6-speed Automatic (ZF 6HP26)
Transmission Type:
None (6-speed manual transmission was available on 645i, but less common and potentially not covered in a '645Ci' manual)
Gear Ratios Auto:
1st: 4.17, 2nd: 2.34, 3rd: 1.52, 4th: 1.14, 5th: 0.87, 6th: 0.77, Reverse: 3.40
Transmission Control:
Electronic with Steptronic (manual shifting capability)
Transmission Fluid:
BMW ATF-3 (or equivalent, e.g., ZF LifeguardFluid 6)
NHTSA Front Crash:
5-Star (Driver and Passenger)
NHTSA Side Impact:
4-Star (Front Seat Occupants)
ABS:
Yes, Anti-lock Braking System
Traction Control:
Yes, Dynamic Traction Control (DTC) and Automatic Stability Control (ASC)
Stability Control:
Yes, Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
Airbags:
Front dual-stage airbags, front side-impact airbags, head protection system (curtain airbags for coupe, rollover protection for convertible)
Seatbelts:
Three-point inertia-reel seatbelts with pre-tensioners and force limiters
Rollover Protection:
Active rollover protection system for convertible
Oil Change Interval:
Condition Based Service (CBS) system; typically 10,000-15,000 miles or 12-24 months, whichever comes first.
Filter Replacement:
Oil filter with every oil change. Air filters typically every 30,000 miles. Cabin microfilter annually or every 15,000 miles.
Spark Plug Replacement:
Bosch FGR7KQE0U (or equivalent) recommended at ~60,000 miles.
Transmission Service:
ZF recommends fluid and filter change between 50,000-80,000 miles, though BMW initially claimed 'lifetime' fluid.
Engine Oil:
SAE 5W-30 or 5W-40, API SN, ACEA A3/B4, BMW Longlife-01 (LL-01) approved.
Coolant:
BMW Blue Antifreeze/Coolant (G48 ethylene glycol based) mixed 50/50 with distilled water.
Brake Fluid:
DOT 4 BMW High Performance Hydraulic Fluid.
Power Steering Fluid:
Pentosin CHF 11S or Pentosin CHF 202 (or equivalent hydraulic fluid).
Engine Oil Consumption:
N62 engine can consume oil; regular checks are vital. Common causes include valve stem seals, PCV system, and piston rings.
Coolant Leaks:
Plastic coolant expansion tank and hoses can become brittle and leak. Water pump failure is also noted.
Oil Pan Gasket Leaks:
The N62 engine is known for oil pan gasket and rear main seal leaks due to its aluminum construction and sealing methods.
Idle Control Issues:
VANOS solenoids, idle control valves, and vacuum leaks can lead to rough idling and stalling.
Transmission Performance:
Mechatronic unit failures, torque converter issues, and solenoid issues can affect shift quality and transmission engagement.
Electrical System:
Water ingress into LCM (Light Control Module) and other electronic modules can cause widespread electrical gremlins.