Segment:
        
        
            Full-size touring motorcycle.
        
     
    
        
            Target Audience:
        
        
            Long-distance touring riders, customizers, and professional motorcycle technicians.
        
     
    
    
        
            Key Competitors 2012:
        
        
            Indian Chief, Honda Gold Wing, Kawasaki Vulcan Voyager, Yamaha Royal Star Tour Deluxe.
        
     
    
    
        
            Model Identity:
        
        
            Iconic Harley-Davidson touring platform, known for comfort, storage, and V-twin power.
        
     
    
        
            Touring Amenities:
        
        
            Full fairings, large windscreen, ample storage (saddlebags and Tour-Pak), comfortable seating for rider and passenger, cruise control.
        
     
 
    
    
    
        
            Engine Mechanical:
        
        
            Engine assembly, disassembly, inspection, repair, and overhaul (including cylinders, pistons, crankshaft, camshafts, valves, timing).
        
     
    
        
            Fuel System:
        
        
            Fuel injection system (EFI), throttle body, fuel pump, fuel lines, injectors, and related sensors.
        
     
    
        
            Ignition System:
        
        
            Ignition module, coil, spark plugs, wiring, and timing adjustments.
        
     
    
        
            Transmission Drivetrain:
        
        
            5-speed Cruise Drive transmission, clutch assembly, primary drive, final drive belt, and gearbox components.
        
     
    
        
            Electrical System:
        
        
            Battery, charging system (alternator, regulator/rectifier), starting system (starter motor, solenoid), lighting, horns, and all vehicle wiring harnesses.
        
     
    
        
            Braking System:
        
        
            Front and rear hydraulic disc brakes, brake calipers, master cylinders, brake lines, pads, rotors, and ABS (if equipped).
        
     
    
        
            Suspension Steering:
        
        
            Front fork (telescopic), rear shock absorbers, swingarm, steering head bearings, and related components.
        
     
    
        
            Chassis Frame:
        
        
            Frame inspection, alignment, and related structural components.
        
     
    
        
            Bodywork Fairings:
        
        
            Fairings, tour-pak, saddlebags, fenders, seat assembly, and trim components.
        
     
    
        
            Instrumentation Controls:
        
        
            Instrument cluster, handlebars, controls, and switchgear.
        
     
    
        
            Comfort Convenience:
        
        
            Cruise control, audio system, heated grips (if equipped).
        
     
    
    
        
            Scheduled Maintenance:
        
        
            Detailed procedures for all recommended service intervals (oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks, inspections).
        
     
    
        
            Troubleshooting Diagnostics:
        
        
            Diagnostic flowcharts, common problems, and systematic approaches to identifying and resolving issues.
        
     
    
        
            Engine Rebuild:
        
        
            Complete instructions for engine disassembly, component inspection, measurement, repair, and reassembly.
        
     
    
        
            Transmission Overhaul:
        
        
            Detailed steps for transmission removal, disassembly, inspection, repair, and reinstallation.
        
     
    
        
            Electrical Repair:
        
        
            Wiring diagrams, troubleshooting of electrical faults, component testing, and replacement procedures.
        
     
    
        
            Brake System Maintenance:
        
        
            Brake fluid replacement, bleeding procedures, pad and rotor replacement, caliper servicing.
        
     
    
        
            Suspension Servicing:
        
        
            Fork oil change, seal replacement, shock absorber adjustments and replacement.
        
     
    
        
            Bodywork Repair:
        
        
            Fairing and body panel removal, installation, and minor repair guidance.
        
     
    
        
            Wheel Tire Service:
        
        
            Wheel bearing replacement, tire mounting and balancing (general principles).
        
     
    
    
        
            Depth Level:
        
        
            Comprehensive, from basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including electrical diagnostics.
        
     
    
        
            Diagnostics Support:
        
        
            Includes troubleshooting guides, diagnostic charts, and guidance on using diagnostic tools (e.g., for EFI systems).
        
     
 
    
    
    
        
            Engine Type:
        
        
            Air-cooled, Twin Cam 103 V-twin
        
     
    
        
            Displacement:
        
        
            103 cubic inches (1688 cc)
        
     
    
        
            Bore X Stroke:
        
        
            3.875 in. x 4.375 in. (98.4 mm x 111.1 mm)
        
     
    
    
        
            Valvetrain:
        
        
            Overhead valves (OHV), 2 valves per cylinder
        
     
    
        
            Cooling System:
        
        
            Air-cooled
        
     
    
        
            Fuel Delivery:
        
        
            Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI)
        
     
    
    
        
            Horsepower Estimate:
        
        
            Approx. 70-75 HP (at crank, subject to specific tuning)
        
     
    
        
            Torque Estimate:
        
        
            Approx. 100-105 lb-ft @ 3,500 RPM (at crank, subject to specific tuning)
        
     
    
    
        
            Fuel Type:
        
        
            Premium Unleaded Gasoline (91 octane or higher recommended)
        
     
    
        
            Fuel Tank Capacity:
        
        
            6.0 gallons (22.7 L)
        
     
 
    
    
    
        
            Engine Oil Change:
        
        
            Every 5,000 miles (8,000 km) or 12 months, whichever comes first.
        
     
    
        
            Primary Chain Tensioner Inspection:
        
        
            Check at 10,000 miles (16,000 km) and every 10,000 miles thereafter. Hydraulic tensioner upgrade may be considered.
        
     
    
        
            Transmission Oil Change:
        
        
            Every 10,000 miles (16,000 km).
        
     
    
        
            Final Drive Belt Inspection:
        
        
            Check for proper tension and condition at every service.
        
     
    
        
            Brake Fluid Flush:
        
        
            Recommended every 2 years regardless of mileage.
        
     
    
    
        
            Engine Oil Type:
        
        
            Harley-Davidson Syn3 (Synthetic) SAE 20W-50 or equivalent motorcycle-specific 20W-50 oil.
        
     
    
        
            Engine Oil Capacity:
        
        
            4.0 US quarts (3.8 L) with filter change.
        
     
    
        
            Primary Chain Case Oil Type:
        
        
            Harley-Davidson Formula+ or equivalent SAE 50 transmission oil.
        
     
    
        
            Primary Chain Case Oil Capacity:
        
        
            2.5 US quarts (2.4 L)
        
     
    
        
            Transmission Oil Type:
        
        
            Harley-Davidson Formula+ or equivalent SAE 80W-90 gear oil.
        
     
    
        
            Transmission Oil Capacity:
        
        
            2.8 US quarts (2.6 L)
        
     
    
        
            Brake Fluid Type:
        
        
            DOT 4 (for ABS and non-ABS systems).
        
     
    
        
            Fork Oil Type:
        
        
            Harley-Davidson Factory Formula or equivalent 10W fork oil.
        
     
    
    
        
            Primary Chain Tensioner:
        
        
            Early models (pre-2007) had hydraulic tensioners that could fail. 2012 models use a revised tensioner, but inspection is still recommended. Upgrade to a more robust aftermarket tensioner is common.
        
     
    
        
            Cam Chain Tensioners:
        
        
            Similar to the primary, the cam chain tensioners can wear. Regular inspection and potential replacement with upgraded components are advisable.
        
     
    
        
            Exhaust Leaks:
        
        
            Leaking exhaust gaskets can occur, leading to ticking noises. Proper tightening and gasket replacement are solutions.
        
     
    
        
            Idle Air Control Motor:
        
        
            Can sometimes cause rough idling or stalling issues in EFI systems.
        
     
    
        
            Battery Drain:
        
        
            Potential for parasitic draw if electrical accessories are not properly wired or if the charging system is weak.