Engine Mechanical:
Engine assembly, disassembly, cylinder head, pistons, crankshaft, camshafts, timing systems, lubrication, cooling
Engine Electrical:
Ignition system, fuel injection system (EFI), starter system, charging system, ECU, sensors
Transmission Manual:
Clutch system, gearbox assembly, disassembly, components, shift mechanism
Transmission Automatic:
Automatic transmission assembly, disassembly, torque converter, hydraulic system, electronic controls
Drivetrain:
Propeller shafts, universal joints, differentials, drive axles, hub assemblies
Suspension:
Front suspension (e.g., torsion bar, independent), rear suspension (e.g., leaf spring, solid axle), shock absorbers, springs, control arms, alignment
Steering:
Steering column, steering gear, power steering system, components, troubleshooting
Brakes:
Front and rear brake systems (disc and/or drum), hydraulic system, master cylinder, brake booster, ABS (if equipped), parking brake
Fuel System:
Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines, fuel filter, fuel injectors, evaporative emission control (EVAP)
Exhaust System:
Exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, muffler, pipes, mounting hardware
Electrical System:
Battery, alternator, starter, lighting systems (headlights, taillights, interior), wiring diagrams, fuses, relays, body control module
HVAC:
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system components, operation, and servicing
Body:
Body panels, doors, latches, hinges, glass, seals, bumpers, interior trim, chassis structure
Chassis Electrical:
Instrumentation, switches, power windows, central locking, mirrors, audio system (basic)
Emission Control Systems:
Details on emission control components, diagnostics, and service procedures to meet regulatory requirements.
Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks and changes, spark plug replacement, belt inspection and replacement, brake pad/shoe replacement, tire rotation
Troubleshooting:
Diagnostic procedures for common and uncommon faults, symptom-based diagnostics, fault code interpretation (OBD-II where applicable)
Repair:
Step-by-step instructions for component removal, disassembly, repair, reassembly, and installation for all major vehicle systems
Diagnostics:
Detailed diagnostic flowcharts, testing procedures for sensors, actuators, and control modules
Specifications:
Torque specifications for critical fasteners, fluid capacities, clearances, tolerances, alignment settings
Electrical Troubleshooting:
Extensive use of wiring diagrams for pinpoint diagnosis of electrical faults, including lighting, starting, charging, ignition, and accessory circuits.
Body Repair:
Procedures for body panel removal/installation, door mechanisms, window operation, interior trim removal, and basic structural repair guidance.
Wheel Alignment:
Specifications and procedures for front and rear wheel alignment, critical for tire wear and handling.
Air Conditioning Service:
Procedures for refrigerant handling, system diagnosis, component replacement, and recharging of the A/C system.
Depth:
Comprehensive: Covers basic to advanced repair and diagnostic procedures, suitable for professional mechanics and experienced DIY enthusiasts
Diagnostic Tools Required:
Basic hand tools, torque wrench, multimeter, pressure gauges (fuel, oil, coolant), scan tool for OBD-II diagnostics (if applicable to specific models/markets within the year range).
Rebuild Procedures:
Detailed procedures for major component rebuilds, such as engine overhaul, transmission overhaul, and differential rebuild.
Oil Change Interval:
Typically every 5,000 km to 10,000 km or 6 months, depending on driving conditions and oil type. Manual specifies precise intervals.
Timing Belt Replacement:
For vehicles with a timing belt (e.g., some 4-cylinder petrol engines), replacement is usually recommended between 80,000 km to 120,000 km. Diesel engines often use timing chains. Manual will specify.
Engine Oil Viscosity:
Commonly 10W-30 or 10W-40 for petrol engines, 15W-40 for diesel engines, depending on climate. Manual will list exact API/ACEA specifications.
Coolant Type:
Ethylene glycol-based antifreeze, typically a green or orange type. Manual specifies correct type and mixture ratio.
Transmission Fluid Type:
Manual transmission: GL-4 gear oil (e.g., 75W-90). Automatic transmission: Dexron-III or equivalent ATF. Manual lists specific part numbers and capacities.
Brake Fluid Type:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid. Manual specifies exact type and replacement intervals.
Common Wear Items:
Front suspension components (bushings, ball joints, tie rod ends) due to load, clutch wear, exhaust system corrosion, some diesel engine glow plug issues, occasional electrical gremlins.
Maintenance Tips:
Regularly check and lubricate suspension and steering components, inspect brake system components, monitor fluid levels, and adhere to scheduled maintenance to prevent common issues.