Tractor Segment:
Utility tractor, designed for general farm work, row crop farming, and material handling.
Competitors:
Competed with models from John Deere, Ford, Massey Ferguson, and Case IH during its production era.
Powertrain:
Known for robust engine power and reliable transmission options.
Hydraulics:
Often equipped with a capable hydraulic system for operating implements.
Operator Station:
Typically featured an open operator station with essential controls for its time.
Engine:
Detailed disassembly, assembly, overhaul, tuning, and troubleshooting for the specific engine(s) used in the 2856.
Fuel System:
Carburetor or injection system diagnosis, repair, and adjustment; fuel pump, filters, and lines.
Cooling System:
Radiator, water pump, thermostat, fan, and associated plumbing maintenance and repair.
Lubrication System:
Oil pump, filters, passages, and oil pressure troubleshooting.
Ignition System:
Spark plugs, ignition coils, distributors, timing, and related electrical components.
Transmission:
Clutch, gearbox, shifting mechanisms, hydraulic controls, and PTO (Power Take-Off) unit repair and adjustment.
Drive Axle And Differential:
Front and rear axle overhaul, differential repair, and bearing adjustments.
Steering System:
Mechanical and power steering components, linkages, and hydraulic system.
Brake System:
Drum or disc brake system overhaul, hydraulic lines, master cylinder, and parking brake.
Hydraulic System:
Tractor hydraulics, lift arms, three-point hitch, remote hydraulics, pump, valves, and cylinders.
Electrical System:
Wiring diagrams, starter, alternator, battery, lighting, and control circuits.
Chassis And Frame:
Frame inspection, repair, and component mounting.
Bodywork And Sheet Metal:
Fender, hood, and operator platform repair and adjustment.
Maintenance:
Scheduled maintenance, lubrication points, filter changes, fluid checks, and adjustments.
Diagnostics Troubleshooting:
Systematic troubleshooting guides, symptom-based problem diagnosis, and diagnostic flowcharts.
Repair Overhaul:
Step-by-step instructions for component disassembly, cleaning, inspection, repair, and reassembly.
Alignment Adjustment:
Steering, wheel, and linkage alignment procedures and specifications.
Calibration:
Calibration of fuel injection, hydraulics, and other critical systems where applicable.
Torque Specifications:
Precise torque values for all critical fasteners during assembly and repair.
Special Tools:
Identification and usage of specialized tools required for specific repairs.
Depth:
Comprehensive, suitable for professional mechanics and experienced DIY technicians.
Diagnostic Level:
Advanced diagnostic procedures, including electrical schematics and troubleshooting charts.
Rebuild Procedures:
Detailed instructions for complete engine, transmission, and hydraulic system rebuilds.
Engine Family:
Likely an International Harvester's own diesel engine line, possibly a variant of the BD or DT series, or sourced from a supplier like Waukesha or Perkins, depending on the exact build configuration.
Displacement:
Specific displacement varies, but common IH diesel engines in this class ranged from approximately 4.0L to 6.0L (240-360 cubic inches).
Horsepower Range:
Estimated to be in the 50-75 PTO horsepower range, depending on the specific engine option and configuration.
Torque Characteristics:
Designed for strong low-end torque essential for pulling heavy loads and operating at lower RPMs.
Injection Type:
Likely direct injection with a rotary or inline injection pump (e.g., Stanadyne, Bosch).
Cooling Method:
Water-cooled
Oil Capacity:
Typically around 10-12 US quarts (9.5-11.4 liters), including filter. Specific capacity to be confirmed in manual.
Governor Type:
Mechanical centrifugal governor
Gearbox Type:
Likely a manual gearbox with multiple forward and reverse speeds (e.g., 8-speed, 16-speed Synchro-Range or constant mesh).
Transmission Options:
Potential for creeper gears or specialized transmission configurations depending on the market and application.
Pto:
Standard Power Take-Off (PTO) with multiple speeds (e.g., 540 RPM, 1000 RPM) or ground speed PTO.
Clutch Type:
Dual-stage clutch (independent PTO clutch and main transmission clutch) is common for this era.
Transmission Oil Capacity:
Approximately 18-25 US quarts (17-23.7 liters) for the main transmission and differential. Specific type and capacity crucial.
Transmission Fluid Recommendation:
Typically a multi-purpose tractor fluid (e.g., Universal Tractor Transmission Oil - UTTO) or specific IH Hy-Trans fluid. Manual will specify.
Engine Oil Change:
Typically every 100-250 operating hours, depending on operating conditions. Manual will provide precise recommendation.
Air Filter Service:
Check at 50-hour intervals, clean or replace as needed. Critical for diesel engine longevity.
Fuel Filter Replacement:
Recommended every 250-500 operating hours or annually. Crucial for preventing injection system issues.
Hydraulic Fluid Change:
Typically every 500-1000 operating hours or annually. Includes filter replacement.
Engine Oil Viscosity:
Commonly SAE 30 or 15W-40 diesel engine oil. Specific API service classification (e.g., CD or CE) is vital.
Coolant Type:
Ethylene glycol based antifreeze with corrosion inhibitors. Manual will specify mix ratio and type.
Grease Type:
General purpose lithium-based grease for lubrication points and fittings.
Common Wear Points:
Wear on clutch components, PTO shaft splines, hydraulic pump seals, and steering linkage bushings are common in high-hour units.
Fuel System Maintenance:
Importance of clean fuel and regular fuel filter changes to prevent injector pump and injector wear.
Electrical System Corrosion:
Potential for corrosion on electrical connections due to age and environmental exposure. Manual's wiring diagrams are essential for diagnosis.
Importance Of Manual:
This service manual is critical for ensuring the longevity and proper functioning of the 2856, providing the correct specifications and procedures that are not always intuitive.
