🏷️ Basic Information

Make:

BMW

Model:

5 Series

Model Code:

E28

Variant:

518

Production Years Covered:

1981-1985

Chassis Code:

E28

👋 Introduction

Segment:

Executive/Luxury Sedan

Target Audience:

Enthusiasts, DIY mechanics, professional repair shops seeking detailed information for the E28 5 Series

Competitors:

Mercedes-Benz W123, Audi 100, Volvo 240, Jaguar XJ

Vehicle Reputation:

Known for robust engineering, excellent handling, and driver-focused cockpit, often referred to as a 'driver's car'

Manual Value Proposition:

Provides the necessary technical knowledge to maintain and repair this classic BMW, preserving its performance and value.

📋 Manual Details

Engine Systems:

Engine mechanicals, fuel injection (Bosch L-Jetronic/Motronic), ignition system, cooling system, exhaust system

Transmission Systems:

Manual and automatic transmission repair, clutch, driveshafts

Chassis Systems:

Suspension (front and rear), steering, brakes (disc and drum), wheel alignment

Electrical Systems:

Wiring diagrams, starter, alternator, battery, lighting, instruments, accessories

Body And Trim:

Body panel repair, interior trim, doors, windows, bumpers, body sealing

Estimated Pages:

Hundreds (specific number not provided, but typical for a comprehensive manual)

Type:

Service and Repair Manual

Language:

English

Format:

PDF

📖 Manual Coverage

Engine Mechanical:

Detailed overhaul procedures for M10B18 engine, including cylinder head, block, crankshaft, pistons, and timing components

Fuel And Ignition:

Component testing and adjustment for Bosch L-Jetronic or Motronic fuel injection systems, ignition timing, spark plug specifications

Cooling System:

Radiator, water pump, thermostat, hoses, coolant specifications and flush procedures

Exhaust System:

Catalytic converter (if applicable), muffler, exhaust manifold, leak testing

Transmission Manual:

Clutch replacement, gearbox disassembly and reassembly, shift linkage adjustments

Transmission Automatic:

Transmission fluid change and level check, basic troubleshooting, band and clutch adjustments (if applicable)

Drivetrain:

Driveshaft U-joints, CV joints (if applicable), differential oil change

Front Suspension:

MacPherson struts, control arms, ball joints, sway bar maintenance, spring replacement

Rear Suspension:

Semi-trailing arm, shock absorbers, bushings, differential mounting

Steering System:

Power steering pump, steering rack, tie rod ends, steering column maintenance

Brake System:

Front and rear brake pad/shoe replacement, caliper/wheel cylinder overhaul, brake fluid specifications and bleeding procedures, parking brake adjustment

Electrical Components:

Alternator, starter motor, battery testing and replacement, fuse box layout and function

Lighting System:

Headlight, taillight, interior lighting bulb replacement and aiming procedures

Instrument Panel:

Gauge cluster removal and repair, warning light diagnostics

Climate Control:

Heater core, ventilation system, refrigerant (R12) and AC system basic service (if applicable)

Body Structure:

Unibody construction, jacking points, structural reinforcement locations

Exterior Body:

Door panel removal, window regulator repair, hood and trunk latch adjustment, mirror replacement

Interior Trim:

Seat removal and upholstery repair, dashboard disassembly, carpet replacement

Preventative Maintenance:

Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks and flushes, belt inspections, spark plug replacement, air filter service

Troubleshooting:

Systematic diagnosis of common problems, diagnostic trouble codes (if applicable), symptom-based troubleshooting guides

Repair Overhaul:

Step-by-step instructions for component removal, disassembly, repair, and reassembly of all major vehicle systems

Adjustment Calibration:

Valve lash adjustment, idle speed setting, ignition timing, brake adjustment, clutch play adjustment

Electrical Diagnostics:

Wiring diagram interpretation, multimeter usage for testing circuits, component testing procedures

Wheel Alignment:

Specifications for camber, caster, and toe, adjustment procedures

Lubrication:

Lubrication points and recommended lubricants for various chassis components

Safety Systems:

Seatbelt operation and maintenance, basic understanding of passive safety features

Detail Level:

Comprehensive, covering all aspects from basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds

Diagnostic Capabilities:

Detailed troubleshooting flowcharts and component testing procedures, often utilizing basic diagnostic tools like multimeters and timing lights

Rebuild Procedures:

Full disassembly and reassembly instructions for major mechanical components including engine, gearbox, and differential

Special Tools:

Identification and usage of specific BMW special tools required for certain repair procedures

📊 Manual Specifications

File Type:

PDF

Searchability:

Likely text-searchable if it's a well-created digital PDF

Image Resolution:

Variable, but typically good for clear diagrams and illustrations

Diagrams Illustrations:

Includes detailed technical drawings and exploded views of components

Binding:

N/A (Digital PDF format)

Paper Quality:

N/A (Digital PDF format)

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Engine Code:

M10B18

Engine Type:

Inline 4-cylinder, SOHC

Displacement:

1.8 Liters (1766 cc)

Bore X Stroke:

89.0 mm x 71.0 mm

Compression Ratio:

8.3:1 (typical, may vary slightly)

Horsepower:

90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 5500 rpm (approximate)

Torque:

140 Nm (103 lb-ft) at 3000 rpm (approximate)

Fuel Delivery:

Bosch L-Jetronic or Motronic fuel injection

Fuel Type:

Unleaded gasoline (RON 95 or higher recommended)

Ignition System:

Electronic ignition (breakerless)

🔧 Transmission

Type:

4-speed manual

Type:

Getrag 4-speed or ZF 3-speed automatic transmission

Clutch:

Hydraulically operated single dry plate clutch

Manual Gear Ratios:

Specific ratios are detailed in the manual, but typically around 3.72:1 for 1st gear.

Manual Transmission Fluid:

BMW recommends specific gear oil, often a GL-4 rated SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90.

Automatic Transmission Fluid:

Dexron-II or equivalent ATF

📐 Dimensions

Length:

4620 mm (181.9 in)

Width:

1700 mm (66.9 in)

Height:

1415 mm (55.7 in)

Wheelbase:

2770 mm (109.1 in)

Curb Weight:

Approx. 1300-1350 kg (2866-2976 lbs) depending on transmission and equipment

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating:

Not typically listed in consumer specs, but detailed in service manuals for load limits.

Seating Capacity:

5

🛡️ Safety Features

Crash Test Data:

Vehicle safety standards were different in the early 1980s; detailed crash test data is limited compared to modern vehicles.

Braking System:

Front ventilated disc brakes, rear solid disc brakes (or drum brakes on some early models/markets).

Steering Type:

Recirculating ball with power assist

Seatbelts:

3-point front seatbelts, 2-point rear seatbelts (later models may have 3-point rear)

Body Construction:

Unitary body with integral safety cage, crumple zones

💡 Technology Features

Audio System:

Original systems were typically AM/FM radio with cassette players, often from Blaupunkt or Becker. Aftermarket upgrades are common.

ABS:

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) was optional on many E28 models, particularly later ones.

Features:

Limited to basic vehicle functions. No factory connectivity options as understood today.

🔧 Maintenance

Oil Change Interval:

Typically every 5,000-7,500 miles (8,000-12,000 km) or 6-12 months, depending on driving conditions. Manual will provide exact BMW recommendations.

Air Filter Replacement:

Inspect every 15,000 miles (24,000 km), replace as needed or at around 30,000 miles (48,000 km).

Spark Plug Replacement:

Typically every 20,000-30,000 miles (32,000-48,000 km), depending on spark plug type.

Brake Fluid Flush:

Recommended every 2 years, regardless of mileage, to prevent moisture absorption.

Engine Oil Type:

API SG or SH, SAE 10W-40 or 15W-40 typically recommended for the M10 engine. Consult manual for precise BMW specs.

Coolant Type:

BMW coolant or a high-quality ethylene glycol-based antifreeze with corrosion inhibitors. Typically a 50/50 mix with distilled water.

Common Problems E28:

Cooling system leaks (radiator, hoses), fuel distributor issues (L-Jetronic), dashboard cracking, door seal degradation, rear axle bushings, subframe mounts, starter motor failure.

Engine M10:

Can be robust but prone to oil leaks with age, timing chain stretch (if not properly maintained), and fuel injection system component wear.

📚 Vehicle History

Heritage:

BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke AG) is renowned for its 'Ultimate Driving Machine' philosophy, emphasizing performance and engineering.

E28 Introduction:

The E28 generation succeeded the E12 5 Series and was produced from 1981 to 1988, with the 518 being an entry-level model in many markets.

E28 Distinction:

The E28 was the first 5 Series to offer a diesel engine and the first to feature the highly regarded 'M' division performance versions (M535i, M5).

Manufacturing Locations:

Primarily Germany, with some assembly in other BMW facilities globally.

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Historical Accolades:

While specific awards for the 518 model are rare, the E28 5 Series generation was widely praised by automotive journalists for its handling, build quality, and performance relative to its competitors at the time, solidifying BMW's reputation.