Segment:
Luxury Executive Sedan
Target Audience:
Affluent individuals seeking a blend of performance, luxury, and German engineering.
Primary Competitors:
Mercedes-Benz W124 E-Class, Audi 100/200, Jaguar XJ6, Volvo 760.
Engineering Philosophy:
Emphasis on driver engagement, robust engineering, and refined comfort.
Distinguishing Attributes:
Iconic 'Hofmeister kink' in the C-pillar, advanced engine technology for its time, driver-focused ergonomics.
Engine:
Complete overhaul, tuning, fuel injection, ignition system, cooling system, exhaust system, engine diagnostics.
Transmission:
Manual and automatic transmission overhaul, repair, clutch service, driveline components.
Brakes:
Front and rear brake systems (disc brakes), ABS (if equipped), hydraulic system, brake fluid specifications.
Electrical:
Complete wiring diagrams, lighting system, charging system, starting system, fuse box layout, relays, diagnostic procedures for electrical faults.
Suspension:
Front and rear suspension components, steering system, wheel alignment specifications, shock absorbers, springs, control arms.
Bodywork:
Body panel removal and installation, door mechanisms, glass replacement, interior trim, rust repair techniques.
HVAC:
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system diagnosis and repair, refrigerant handling.
Maintenance:
Scheduled maintenance, oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug replacement, belt tensioning, fluid checks and changes.
Repair:
Detailed step-by-step repair instructions for all major systems, component replacement, assembly and disassembly.
Troubleshooting:
Diagnostic charts, common problems and their solutions, fault code interpretation (if applicable).
Technical Data:
Torque specifications, clearances, engine timing settings, fluid capacities, electrical resistance values.
Depth:
Comprehensive, covering everything from basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds. Designed for professional mechanics and advanced DIY enthusiasts.
Digital Format:
PDF (common for digital versions), potentially searchable text.
Print Quality:
Original print quality (if printed) would be professional, with clear diagrams and text. Digital versions depend on the source scan.
Binding Type:
Original: Perfect bound or spiral bound. Digital: N/A
Paper Type:
Original: Durable paper suitable for workshop use. Digital: N/A
Engine Type:
Inline 6-cylinder, SOHC (M30 engine family)
Displacement:
2.5 Liters (2494 cc)
Bore X Stroke:
84.0 mm x 75.0 mm
Compression Ratio:
8.5:1 (typical for M30B25)
Horsepower:
150-170 PS (110-125 kW) at 5500 rpm (varies slightly by market and specific tune)
Torque:
225-240 Nm (166-177 lb-ft) at 3500-4000 rpm (varies)
Fuel Delivery:
Bosch L-Jetronic or Motronic fuel injection system
Fuel Type:
Unleaded Gasoline (91-95 RON recommended)
Ignition System:
Distributor-based electronic ignition
Crash Test Data:
Limited formal crash test data available for this era compared to modern standards. Known for robust chassis construction.
ABS:
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) available as an option or standard on later models.
Suspension Design:
Independent front suspension (MacPherson struts), independent rear semi-trailing arm suspension providing stable handling.
Seatbelts:
Three-point inertia-reel seatbelts in the front, two-point lap belts in the rear (three-point optional/later).
Body Construction:
Integral safety cage with reinforced A and B pillars, crumple zones front and rear.
Steering Column:
Collapsible steering column
Audio System:
Factory fitted AM/FM radio with cassette player, often with optional premium sound system and amplifier.
Climate Control:
Manual or optional automatic climate control (ECC - Electronic Climate Control).
Cruise Control:
Standard or optional cruise control system.
Trip Computer:
Basic trip computer functions displayed on the dashboard (e.g., fuel economy, range).
Connectivity Features:
None (analog era, pre-dating modern connectivity standards).
Oil Change Interval:
Every 10,000-15,000 km (6,000-9,000 miles) or annually, whichever comes first.
Major Service:
Every 50,000-60,000 km (30,000-37,000 miles) including spark plugs, coolant flush, brake fluid change.
Engine Oil:
SAE 15W-40 or 20W-50 (API SG or higher). Check manual for specific viscosity recommendations based on climate.
Coolant:
BMW Blue Coolant (G48 ethylene glycol based) mixed with distilled water (50/50 ratio).
Transmission Fluid Manual:
GL-4 gear oil (e.g., Castrol EP 75W-90 or equivalent)
Transmission Fluid Automatic:
Dexron III ATF or equivalent (ZF TE-ML 04D specifications)
Brake Fluid:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid
Power Steering Fluid:
ATF Dexron II or III
Common Problems:
Oil leaks from valve cover gasket and oil pan, radiator leaks, fuel distributor issues (L-Jetronic), idle control valve sticking, front suspension wear (bushings, ball joints), rear subframe mounting corrosion.
Electrical Gremlins:
Age-related issues with wiring harnesses, corroded grounds, and failing relays are common.
Cooling System:
Cracked plastic expansion tanks and hoses, failing water pumps.
Bmw Philosophy:
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is renowned for its 'Ultimate Driving Machine' ethos, focusing on performance, handling, and driver involvement.
E28 Generation:
The E28 generation (1981-1988) was the second iteration of the 5 Series, evolving from the E12. It introduced significant updates in styling, chassis, and technology.
E28 Significance:
The E28 established the benchmark for executive sedans of its era, praised for its dynamic capabilities and build quality.
Production Period:
1981-1988
Manufacturing Location:
Germany (Dingolfing plant)
Automotive Journalism Awards:
Generally lauded by automotive press for its driving dynamics and build quality upon release. Specific awards may vary by region.
Long Term Reliability:
Reputation for robust mechanicals, but maintenance and age-related component wear are critical factors for current reliability.
Safety Certifications:
Met European and US safety standards applicable at the time of manufacture.
