Engine Mechanical:
Engine assembly, cylinder head, block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, lubrication system, cooling system, fuel injection system (petrol), diesel injection system (diesel), turbocharger (if applicable).
Engine Electrical:
Ignition system, starting system, charging system, engine control unit (ECU), sensors, actuators, wiring diagrams.
Transmission:
Manual transmission overhaul, automatic transmission overhaul, clutch system, transfer case, driveshafts, differentials.
Brakes:
Brake system diagnostics, hydraulic system, ABS (if equipped), brake pad and rotor replacement, caliper overhaul, brake fluid.
Suspension Steering:
Front and rear suspension components, shock absorbers, springs, ball joints, bushings, power steering system, steering gearbox, alignment specifications.
Electrical Systems:
Lighting system, instrument cluster, power windows, power locks, wipers, horn, HVAC controls, battery, fuses, relays, wiring schematics.
Body Interior:
Body panel repair, door mechanisms, interior trim, seats, dashboard, rust prevention and repair, glass replacement.
HVAC:
Air conditioning system, heating system, ventilation, refrigerant charging, component replacement.
Fuel System Petrol:
Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines, fuel filter, fuel injectors, fuel pressure regulator, throttle body, idle air control valve.
Fuel System Diesel:
Fuel tank, fuel lines, fuel filter, injection pump, injectors, glow plug system, fuel shut-off solenoid.
Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid level checks and top-offs, spark plug replacement, belt tensioning and replacement, battery maintenance, tire rotation and pressure checks.
Diagnostics Troubleshooting:
Step-by-step diagnostic procedures for common and uncommon issues, fault code interpretation (if applicable), symptom-based troubleshooting guides.
Repair Rebuild:
Complete overhaul procedures for major components such as engines, transmissions, differentials, brake systems, and steering systems.
Installation Replacement:
Instructions for replacing wear items like brake pads, clutch components, suspension bushings, as well as major component installation.
Technical Data Specifications:
Torque specifications for all fasteners, diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), electrical component resistance values, engine timing specifications, valve clearances.
Engine Timing:
Procedures for setting ignition timing (petrol) and injection pump timing (diesel), including belt/chain replacement if applicable.
Wheel Alignment:
Specifications and procedures for front and rear wheel alignment, including camber, caster, and toe settings.
Wheel Balancing Tire Mounting:
Information on proper wheel balancing and tire mounting procedures.
Chassis Lubrication:
Grease points and lubrication schedule for chassis components.
Body Repair Techniques:
Guidelines for repairing dents, rust, and replacing body panels, doors, and glass.
Technical Depth:
Comprehensive from basic routine maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including electrical system diagnostics and bodywork repair.
Diagnostic Tools Required:
While advanced diagnostic tools for this era were less common, the manual would outline required tools like multimeters, pressure gauges, and timing lights for effective diagnostics.
Wiring Diagrams Detail:
Detailed electrical wiring diagrams for all major systems, including color coding and component locations, essential for electrical troubleshooting.
Engine Code Petrol Examples:
4ZE1 (2.6L), 6VE1 (3.2L V6 - later models)
Engine Code Diesel Examples:
4JB1-T (2.8L Turbo Diesel), 4JG2 (3.1L Turbo Diesel)
Horsepower 2 6L Petrol:
Approximately 110-120 hp (varies by market and exact configuration)
Torque 2 6L Petrol:
Approximately 145-155 lb-ft (varies by market and exact configuration)
Horsepower 2 8L Diesel:
Approximately 90-100 hp (varies by market and exact configuration)
Torque 2 8L Diesel:
Approximately 150-170 lb-ft (varies by market and exact configuration)
Fuel System Petrol:
Fuel injection (multi-point or throttle body injection depending on year/market)
Fuel System Diesel:
Indirect injection, typically with rotary or inline injection pumps (e.g., Bosch VE)
Cooling System Type:
Pressurized liquid cooling system with radiator and fan.
Engine Block Material:
Typically cast iron for both petrol and diesel engines.
Cylinder Head Material:
Typically aluminum alloy for petrol engines, cast iron for diesel engines.
Valvetrain Description:
Overhead valves (OHV) or Overhead Cam (OHC) depending on specific engine. Includes timing belts or chains, camshafts, lifters, valves, and springs. Specific clearances and replacement procedures covered.
Engine Oil Change Interval:
Typically every 5,000-7,500 km (3,000-5,000 miles) or 6 months, whichever comes first, depending on driving conditions. Consult manual for specific recommendations.
Service Intervals Filters
Oil Filter Replacement Interval:
Replace with every oil change.
Air Filter Replacement Interval:
Typically every 20,000-30,000 km (12,000-18,000 miles) or as needed based on inspection.
Transmission Fluid Change Interval Manual:
Refer to manual, typically around 50,000-100,000 km (30,000-60,000 miles).
Transmission Fluid Change Interval Automatic:
Refer to manual, typically around 40,000-80,000 km (25,000-50,000 miles) with filter replacement.
Power Steering Fluid Spec:
Specific power steering fluid type, generally ATF Dexron II or a compatible fluid (verify in manual).
Transfer Case Fluid Spec:
API GL-4 or GL-5 gear oil, typically SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90 (verify in manual).
Differential Fluid Spec:
API GL-5 gear oil, typically SAE 80W-90 or 85W-140 (verify in manual, specify for limited-slip if applicable).
Engine Oil Spec Petrol Example:
API SG or higher, SAE 10W-30 or 10W-40 recommended for most conditions.
Engine Oil Spec Diesel Example:
API CF or higher, SAE 15W-40 recommended for most conditions.
Coolant Spec:
Ethylene glycol-based coolant, typically a 50/50 mix with distilled water. Consult manual for specific type.
Brake Fluid Spec:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid (verify in manual).
Transmission Fluid Spec Automatic:
Dexron II or equivalent (verify in manual).
Known Issues Engine:
Head gasket leaks (especially on petrol engines), timing belt wear (if applicable, though many used chains), diesel injector pump issues, turbocharger wear on diesel models.
Known Issues Drivetrain:
Transfer case chain stretch or wear, differential seal leaks, manual transmission synchro wear.
Known Issues Suspension:
Worn ball joints, control arm bushings, and tie rod ends are common wear items, especially on higher-mileage vehicles. Leaf spring fatigue on rear suspension.
Known Issues Electrical:
Corrosion on electrical connectors, issues with power window regulators, aging wiring harnesses.