Engine Mechanical:
Engine assembly, disassembly, overhaul, cylinder head, block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, timing systems, lubrication system, cooling system.
Engine Management:
Fuel injection systems (MPI, SPI), ignition systems, emission control systems, sensors, actuators, diagnostic procedures (OBD-I/II if applicable).
Transmission Manual:
Clutch system, manual gearbox assembly, disassembly, repair, gear shift mechanism.
Transmission Automatic:
Automatic transmission assembly, disassembly, repair, hydraulic control systems, torque converter.
Drivetrain:
Front-wheel drive axle shafts, constant velocity joints, differentials.
Suspension:
Front suspension (MacPherson struts), rear suspension (torsion beam, multi-link depending on variant), shock absorbers, springs, control arms, bushings.
Steering:
Steering column, steering rack, power steering system (hydraulic), steering linkage.
Brakes:
Front disc brakes, rear drum brakes (or discs depending on variant), brake hydraulic system, master cylinder, brake booster, ABS system (if equipped).
Electrical System:
Battery, charging system (alternator), starting system (starter motor), lighting systems (headlights, taillights, interior), fuses, relays, wiring diagrams.
Body And Chassis:
Body panels, doors, hood, trunk, bumpers, interior trim, glass, structural components, corrosion protection.
HVAC:
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, components, and service.
Body Electronics:
Power windows, power door locks, central locking, mirrors, instrument cluster, warning lights.
Routine Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks and top-ups, spark plug replacement, air filter replacement, belt inspections and replacement.
Diagnostics:
Troubleshooting guides, symptom-based diagnostics, fault code interpretation (if applicable), electrical system diagnostics.
Repair Procedures:
Step-by-step repair instructions for all major systems, including component removal, overhaul, and reinstallation.
Overhaul Rebuild:
Detailed procedures for complete engine and transmission rebuilds.
Adjustment Calibration:
Setting ignition timing, valve clearances (where applicable), clutch adjustment, wheel alignment.
Special Tools:
Identification and usage of special tools required for specific repair procedures.
Depth:
Comprehensive (from basic maintenance to complete engine/transmission rebuilds and advanced diagnostics).
Engine Families:
Fiat 'FIRE' (Fully Integrated Robotised Engine), Fiat 'Pratola Serra' (for larger displacements).
Common Engines Tipo:
1.1L (1108cc) FIRE, 1.4L (1372cc) FIRE, 1.6L (1581cc) DOHC, 1.8L (1777cc) DOHC, 1.9L Diesel (1929cc).
Common Engines Tempra:
1.4L (1372cc) FIRE, 1.6L (1581cc) DOHC, 1.8L (1777cc) DOHC, 2.0L (1995cc) DOHC, 1.9L Diesel (1929cc), 1.9L TD (1929cc).
Horsepower Range:
Approximately 55 hp to 130 hp depending on engine variant and fuel type.
Torque Range:
Approximately 90 Nm to 170 Nm depending on engine variant.
Injection Systems:
Carbureted (early models) and Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPI) / Single-Point Fuel Injection (SPI).
Fuel Type:
Unleaded Gasoline (Octane rating as specified in manual), Diesel Fuel.
Oil Change:
Typically every 10,000 - 15,000 km or 12 months (refer to manual for specific engine).
Timing Belt:
Critical: 60,000 - 80,000 km or 4-5 years for non-interference engines, shorter intervals or specific checks for interference engines. Manual is essential here.
Coolant Change:
Typically every 2-3 years or as per manual's antifreeze type.
Engine Oil:
Refer to manual for SAE viscosity (e.g., 10W-40, 15W-40) and API service classification (e.g., API SG/SH).
Coolant:
Ethylene glycol-based antifreeze with corrosion inhibitors. Manual will specify mix ratio with distilled water.
Brake Fluid:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 (refer to manual).
Electrical Gremlins:
Common for older European cars; issues with wiring harnesses, earth points, and dashboard electronics.
Rust:
Prone to rust in common areas like wheel arches, sills, and door bottoms, especially in humid climates.
Suspension Wear:
Worn suspension bushings and ball joints can lead to noise and poor handling.
Exhaust Manifold:
Cracked exhaust manifolds, particularly on some petrol engine variants.
Fiat Legacy:
Fiat has a long history of producing popular and practical European vehicles, known for innovation and value.
Tipo Introduction:
Launched in 1988 as a modern, front-wheel-drive hatchback designed for practicality and efficiency. Won European Car of the Year in 1989.
Tempra Introduction:
Launched in 1990 as the sedan and station wagon variants based on the Tipo platform, offering more space and versatility.
Production Period:
1988-1996 for Tipo, 1990-1996 for Tempra (facelifts and minor updates within this period).
Manufacturing Locations:
Primarily Italy, with production also in other Fiat facilities worldwide.
