Positioning:
The Citroën XM was positioned as a large executive car, a successor to the CX, and a showcase of Citroën's advanced engineering, particularly its innovative suspension technology.
Competitors:
Competed against other premium executive cars of the late 1980s and early 1990s, such as the BMW 5 Series, Mercedes-Benz E-Class, Audi 100, and Peugeot 605.
Unique Selling Points:
Hydractive suspension, distinctive aerodynamic styling, advanced electronic systems for its era, and a focus on driver comfort and ride quality.
Engine:
Detailed diagnostics, overhaul, and repair for all gasoline and diesel engines offered in 1989 XM models, including 2.0i (XU10J2), 3.0i V6 (ES9J4), and 2.1 TD (XUD11ATE).
Transmission:
Coverage for manual and automatic transmissions, including clutch, gear selection, torque converter operation, and hydraulic/electronic control systems.
Suspension:
In-depth coverage of Citroën's signature Hydractive suspension system, including hydraulic spheres, accumulators, SC/MAC units, and electronic control modules. Repair and maintenance of conventional suspension components.
Brakes:
Front and rear disc brake systems, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) diagnosis and repair, hydraulic system bleeding procedures, and parking brake mechanisms.
Electrical:
Complete wiring diagrams, fuse/relay identification, component testing, diagnosis of lighting, ignition, starting, charging, and accessory systems. ECU (Electronic Control Unit) information.
Bodywork:
Body panel removal and installation, rust repair techniques, door and window mechanisms, bumper repair, and trim component servicing.
HVAC:
Air conditioning system recharge and repair, heater core replacement, blower motor servicing, and climate control system diagnostics.
Maintenance:
Scheduled maintenance tasks including oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug changes, timing belt replacement (where applicable), fluid checks and top-ups, and general inspections.
Troubleshooting:
Systematic diagnostic procedures for identifying common faults and performance issues across all major vehicle systems. Fault code interpretation (where applicable).
Repair:
Step-by-step instructions for component removal, overhaul, and reinstallation for all major mechanical, electrical, and body components.
Specifications:
Torque specifications for fasteners, fluid capacities, diagnostic parameters, and electrical resistance values.
Depth:
Comprehensive, covering everything from routine maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, advanced hydraulic system diagnostics, and detailed electrical troubleshooting.
Print Quality:
High-quality paper stock, clear black and white diagrams and illustrations.
Binding:
Typically a robust, professional binding suitable for workshop use (e.g., perfect binding, spiral binding).
Paper:
Durable paper designed to withstand grease and workshop environments.
Primary Engine 1989 Gasoline
Bore X Stroke:
92.0 mm x 73.0 mm
Compression Ratio:
9.5:1 (typical)
Fuel System:
Multi-point fuel injection (MPI)
Horsepower:
122 hp (90 kW) @ 5800 rpm
Torque:
170 Nm (125 lb-ft) @ 3000 rpm
Primary Engine 1989 Diesel
Bore X Stroke:
86.0 mm x 92.0 mm
Compression Ratio:
20.0:1 (typical)
Fuel System:
Indirect injection, turbocharged and intercooled
Horsepower:
110 hp (81 kW) @ 4300 rpm
Torque:
235 Nm (173 lb-ft) @ 2000 rpm
Engine Code:
ES9J4 (PRV V6)
Fuel System:
Multi-point fuel injection (MPI)
Horsepower:
167 hp (123 kW) @ 5600 rpm
Torque:
271 Nm (200 lb-ft) @ 4000 rpm
Type:
4-speed automatic (ZF 4HP18)
Transmission Fluid Manual:
API GL-4, SAE 75W-80 (for manual)
Transmission Fluid Automatic:
ZF TE-ML 11B or equivalent (for automatic)
Crash Testing:
While official Euro NCAP ratings were not established for this era, the XM was designed with safety in mind, featuring a robust chassis and crumple zones. Owners' experiences and contemporary road tests are the primary sources of subjective safety assessment.
ABS:
Standard on most models from launch. ABS Mk II (Teves or Bosch).
Airbags:
Driver airbag became standard on higher trims and optional on others later in the production run, but likely not standard on early 1989 models.
Seatbelts:
Front and rear seat belts, with pre-tensioners on front belts on later models.
Chassis Design:
Designed with energy-absorbing zones and a reinforced passenger cell.
Audio System:
Original radio/cassette player systems. Later models might have CD compatibility. Speaker configurations vary by trim.
ABS:
Standard ABS system providing enhanced braking control.
Hydractive Suspension:
The core technological feature, adapting suspension stiffness and ride height based on driving conditions and speed.
Remote Locking:
Central locking, sometimes with remote key fobs on higher trims.
Oil Change:
Every 10,000 km (6,200 miles) or 12 months, whichever comes first.
Timing Belt:
Every 60,000 km (37,000 miles) or 4 years for XU engines. V6 engines have a timing chain or belt depending on exact variant, check manual.
Hydropneumatic Fluid:
Check and top-up as needed. Full fluid change recommended every 60,000 km (37,000 miles).
Engine Oil:
API SG/CD, ACEA A2-96 or B2-96, Viscosity SAE 10W-40 or 15W-40 (depending on climate). Check manual for specific recommendations.
Coolant:
50/50 mix of ethylene glycol antifreeze and distilled water. Specific Citroën coolant may be recommended.
Brake Fluid:
DOT 3 or DOT 4.
Hydropneumatic Fluid:
LHM (Liquide Hydraulique Minéral) – Citroën part number 9976.A0 or equivalent.
Suspension Spheres:
Spheres can lose pressure or leak over time, affecting ride quality. Regular testing and replacement are key.
Electronic Control Units:
Early models could suffer from intermittent electronic faults, particularly related to the Hydractive system and engine management.
Wiring Harnesses:
Aging wiring can lead to electrical gremlins. Corroded connectors are common.
Rust:
As with many cars of this era, rust can affect wheel arches, sills, and the underbody, especially in regions with road salt.
Citroen Legacy:
Citroën has a long history of pioneering automotive technology, particularly in suspension (DS, CX), aerodynamic design, and innovative comfort features.
Xm Development:
The XM was developed as a replacement for the CX, building upon its predecessor's strengths while incorporating modern technology and design. It was designed by Bertone and Robert Opron.
Production Years:
1989-2001
Manufacturing Plant:
Citroën factory in Rennes-La-Janais, France.
