Subaru Impreza 1994 All Service Repair Manual

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Basic Information Identification Make: Subaru Model: Impreza Year: 1994 Codes Chassis Code: GC8 Engine Code Primary: EJ18 Engine Code Optional AWD Turbo: EJ20G Introduction Market Position Market Position: The Subaru...

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Description

Basic Information
Identification
Make:	Subaru
Model:	Impreza
Year:	1994
Codes
Chassis Code:	GC8
Engine Code Primary:	EJ18
Engine Code Optional AWD Turbo:	EJ20G

Introduction
Market Position
Market Position:	The Subaru Impreza, launched in 1992, quickly established itself as a capable and driver-focused compact car, particularly known for its standard all-wheel-drive system (except in specific markets/trims). This 1994 model represents the early generation, appealing to enthusiasts and those seeking reliable, go-anywhere capability in a compact sedan or coupe.
Competitive Analysis
Competitive Analysis:	Competed against vehicles like the Honda Civic, Toyota Corolla, Mazda Protege, and Mitsubishi Lancer. The Impreza's key differentiator was its standard AWD, offering superior traction in adverse weather conditions compared to many front-wheel-drive competitors. The WRX variant, though not explicitly detailed for this base manual, was a significant factor in the Impreza's growing performance reputation.
Key Features
Key Features Of The Vehicle:	['Standard Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive (AWD)', 'Durable and reliable Boxer engine architecture', 'Sporty handling characteristics', 'Practical compact car design', 'Focus on driver engagement']

Manual Details
Coverage Areas
Coverage Areas List:	['Engine Mechanical', 'Engine Control System', 'Fuel System', 'Cooling System', 'Lubrication System', 'Ignition System', 'Exhaust System', 'Starting System', 'Charging System', 'Clutch System', 'Manual Transmission', 'Automatic Transmission', 'Driveshaft & Differential', 'Suspension System (Front & Rear)', 'Steering System', 'Brake System (Front & Rear)', 'Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)', 'Body Electrical System', 'Lighting System', 'Instrument Panel', 'HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)', 'Wiper & Washer System', 'Body & Frame', 'Interior Trim', 'Exterior Trim', 'Doors', 'Windows', 'Seating System', 'Bumpers', 'Troubleshooting & Diagnostics', 'Wiring Diagrams', 'Component Locations', 'Maintenance Schedules', 'Torque Specifications', 'Fluid Specifications & Capacities', 'Emissions Control']
Page Count
Estimated Page Count:	1000+
Manual Type
Manual Type:	Factory Service Manual (FSM) / Workshop Manual
Language
Language:	English
Format
Format:	Downloadable Digital Format (likely PDF)

Manual Coverage
Systems Covered
Systems Covered Detailed:	This manual provides comprehensive coverage across all major vehicle systems, including detailed sections on the EJ18 and EJ20G boxer engines (naturally aspirated and turbocharged variants), manual and automatic transmissions, all-wheel-drive systems, four-wheel independent suspension, power-assisted rack-and-pinion steering, front and rear disc brake systems (including ABS on applicable models), the complete electrical system with detailed wiring diagrams, HVAC, body panels, interior components, and diagnostic procedures.
Procedures Included
Procedures Included List:	['Routine maintenance tasks (oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks)', 'Engine diagnosis and repair (e.g., timing belt replacement, head gasket repair, piston/ring service)', 'Fuel injection system servicing', 'Ignition system troubleshooting', 'Transmission overhaul and repair (manual and automatic)', 'Drivetrain component inspection and replacement', 'Suspension component replacement and alignment procedures', 'Brake system bleeding and component replacement', 'ABS system diagnostics', 'Power steering system repair', 'Electrical system troubleshooting using wiring diagrams', 'HVAC system diagnosis and repair', 'Body panel removal and installation', 'Interior trim component servicing', 'Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) lookup and interpretation', 'Component replacement procedures with detailed steps', 'Torque specifications for all critical fasteners', 'Special tool recommendations and usage']
Technical Depth
Technical Depth:	This is a professional-level factory service manual, offering deep technical detail suitable for experienced DIY mechanics and professional technicians. It includes step-by-step repair instructions, detailed diagrams, exploded views, specifications, troubleshooting flowcharts, and wiring schematics necessary for complete vehicle diagnosis and repair, from basic maintenance to complex engine and transmission overhauls.

Manual Specifications
File Format
File Format:	Digital (PDF recommended for clarity and searchability)
Print Quality
Print Quality:	High resolution for clear viewing of diagrams and text. Printable pages.
Binding Type
Binding Type:	N/A (Digital Download)
Paper Type
Paper Type:	N/A (Digital Download)

Engine Specifications
Primary Engine
Primary Engine Details:	{'engine_code': 'EJ18', 'type': 'Horizontally-opposed (Boxer) 4-cylinder, SOHC', 'displacement': '1.8 Liters (1835 cc)', 'bore_x_stroke': '80.0 mm x 91.0 mm', 'compression_ratio': '9.5:1', 'fuel_delivery': 'Multi-point Fuel Injection (MPI)', 'estimated_horsepower': '93-100 hp @ 5200-5400 rpm', 'estimated_torque': '108-112 lb-ft @ 3600-4000 rpm', 'cylinder_head_material': 'Aluminum', 'block_material': 'Aluminum'}
Optional Engine
Optional Engine Details:	{'engine_code': 'EJ20G', 'type': 'Horizontally-opposed (Boxer) 4-cylinder, DOHC, Turbocharged', 'displacement': '2.0 Liters (1994 cc)', 'bore_x_stroke': '92.0 mm x 75.0 mm', 'compression_ratio': '8.5:1', 'fuel_delivery': 'Multi-point Fuel Injection (MPI) with Turbocharger', 'turbocharger_model': 'Hitachi HT07-4A (typically)', 'boost_pressure': 'Approx. 0.7-0.8 bar (10-11.6 psi)', 'estimated_horsepower': '217 hp @ 6000 rpm (WRX variants)', 'estimated_torque': '205 lb-ft @ 4000 rpm (WRX variants)', 'cylinder_head_material': 'Aluminum', 'block_material': 'Aluminum'}
Performance
Performance Notes:	The EJ18 engine provides adequate power for daily driving, emphasizing reliability. The turbocharged EJ20G in WRX variants offers significant performance gains with strong mid-range torque.
Fuel System
Fuel System Details:	Electronic Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPI) for both engine variants. Requires unleaded gasoline. Fuel pump type is typically in-tank electric.

Transmission
Standard Transmission
Standard Transmission Details:	{'type': '5-speed Manual', 'drivetrain': 'All-Wheel Drive (AWD)', 'gear_ratios_typical': '1st: ~3.45, 2nd: ~1.94, 3rd: ~1.31, 4th: ~0.97, 5th: ~0.73, Reverse: ~3.31, Final Drive: ~3.90'}
Optional Transmission
Optional Transmission Details:	{'type': '4-speed Automatic', 'drivetrain': 'All-Wheel Drive (AWD)', 'features': 'Electronically controlled with torque converter lock-up'}
Features
Transmission Features Notes:	Subaru's Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system is integrated with both transmission types, providing excellent traction and stability. Manual transmissions offer a more engaging driving experience, while automatics provide convenience.

Dimensions
Exterior
Exterior Dimensions Approximate:	{'length': '4345 mm (171.1 in)', 'width': '1690 mm (66.5 in)', 'height': '1405 mm (55.3 in)', 'wheelbase': '2520 mm (99.2 in)', 'front_track': '1450 mm (57.1 in)', 'rear_track': '1440 mm (56.7 in)'}
Interior
Interior Dimensions Notes:	Seating for five occupants. Good passenger space for a compact car of its era.
Cargo
Cargo Dimensions Notes:	Trunk capacity typical for a compact sedan, with split-folding rear seats offering increased utility.
Weights
Weights Approximate:	{'curb_weight': '1150-1350 kg (2535-2976 lbs) depending on trim and drivetrain'}

Safety Features
Ratings
Safety Ratings Notes:	1994 models were tested by NHTSA and IIHS. Specific ratings vary by configuration, but generally offered decent safety for the period. AWD system contributes to stability in slippery conditions.
Active Features
Active Safety Features Available:	['All-Wheel Drive (AWD)', 'Optional Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) on higher trims/specific models', 'Power-assisted front disc brakes', 'Rear drum brakes (standard on some models, discs on others)']
Passive Features
Passive Safety Features Available:	['Driver and front passenger airbags (standard on most trims)', 'Seat belts with pretensioners', 'Reinforced passenger compartment structure']

Technology Features
Infotainment
Infotainment Features:	Basic factory radio with AM/FM and cassette player. Optional CD player available on higher trims. Speaker configuration typically 4 or 6 speakers.
Driver Assistance
Driver Assistance Features:	Limited by modern standards. Primarily the benefit of the standard AWD system for improved traction and stability. Cruise control often optional.
Connectivity
Connectivity Features:	No integrated Bluetooth or USB connectivity from the factory. External adapters or aftermarket head unit replacements are required.

Maintenance
Service Intervals
Service Intervals Recommendations:	{'oil_change': 'Every 3,000-5,000 miles (5,000-8,000 km) or 6 months', 'oil_filter_replacement': 'With every oil change', 'air_filter_replacement': 'Every 15,000-30,000 miles (24,000-48,000 km)', 'fuel_filter_replacement': 'Every 30,000-50,000 miles (48,000-80,000 km)', 'spark_plugs': 'Every 30,000-60,000 miles (48,000-96,000 km) depending on type', 'timing_belt_replacement': 'Crucial for EJ engines: Every 60,000-100,000 miles (96,000-160,000 km) or 7-10 years. Consult manual for specific interval.', 'transmission_fluid_change': 'Manual: Every 30,000-60,000 miles (48,000-96,000 km). Automatic: Every 30,000-45,000 miles (48,000-72,000 km)', 'brake_fluid_flush': 'Every 2-3 years', 'coolant_flush': 'Every 30,000-50,000 miles (48,000-80,000 km)'}
Fluid Specifications
Fluid Specifications Details:	{'engine_oil': 'API SG or SH rated, SAE 10W-30 or 10W-40 recommended (check manual for specific climate/grade)', 'engine_oil_capacity': 'Approx. 4.5-5.0 US quarts (4.3-4.7 liters) with filter', 'transmission_fluid_manual': 'GL-5, SAE 75W-90 gear oil', 'transmission_fluid_automatic': 'Subaru Genuine ATF HP or equivalent', 'differential_fluid_front': 'API GL-5, SAE 75W-90', 'differential_fluid_rear': 'API GL-5, SAE 75W-90', 'coolant': 'Subaru Super Coolant or equivalent ethylene glycol-based coolant (50/50 mix with distilled water)', 'brake_fluid': 'DOT 3 or DOT 4', 'power_steering_fluid': 'Subaru Genuine Power Steering Fluid or Dexron III ATF'}
Known Issues
Common Issues For Model:	['Head gasket leaks (though less common on EJ18 than later EJ25s)', 'Timing belt failure if not replaced on schedule (catastrophic engine damage)', 'Oil leaks from various seals (e.g., crankshaft seals, valve cover gaskets)', 'Catalytic converter issues', 'Wear in suspension components (bushings, ball joints)', 'Rust and corrosion, especially in northern climates', 'Minor electrical gremlins (e.g., door lock actuators, window motors)', 'Turbocharger wear (on EJ20G models) if not maintained properly']

Vehicle History
Brand Heritage
Brand Heritage Notes:	Subaru, a division of Subaru Corporation (formerly Fuji Heavy Industries), has a long history of producing reliable vehicles, often with a focus on unconventional engineering like its horizontally-opposed engines and standard AWD systems, originating from its aerospace roots.
Model Evolution
Model Evolution Notes:	The first-generation Impreza (GC/GF chassis) was introduced in 1992 as a successor to the Subaru Leone. This 1994 model is part of the initial rollout, characterized by its rounded styling and emphasis on AWD. The subsequent years saw various updates and the introduction of the high-performance WRX and WRX STI variants, which significantly boosted the Impreza's global recognition.
Production
Production Notes:	The first generation (GC/GF/GM) was produced from 1992 to 2000. Models were manufactured in Japan.

Awards & Recognition
Recognitions
Awards And Recognitions:	While specific awards for the 1994 model might be scarce, the Subaru Impreza nameplate has consistently been recognized for its rally-sport heritage and all-wheel-drive capabilities, particularly with the later WRX and STI variants. The brand itself is often lauded for its engineering and durability.