🏷️ Basic Information

Make:

BMW

Model:

323 / 323i

Model Generation:

E21

Model Designation:

323i

Market Segment:

Compact Executive Car / Sport Sedan

Chassis Code:

E21

👋 Introduction

Market Niche:

The BMW 3 Series (E21) was positioned as a premium compact executive car, offering a balance of performance, luxury, and sporty handling, directly competing with models like the Mercedes-Benz W123 Coupe and Audi 80.

Key Competitors:

Mercedes-Benz W123, Audi 80 (B1/B2), Alfa Romeo Alfetta, Opel Rekord.

Driving Dynamics:

Renowned for its precise steering, balanced chassis, and engaging driving experience, setting a benchmark for its class.

Engine Performance:

The 323i, powered by the M20 engine, offered robust inline-six performance, making it a popular choice for enthusiasts.

Build Quality:

Typical BMW build quality of the era, characterized by durable materials and solid construction.

📋 Manual Details

Model Years Covered:

1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984

Specific Models Covered:

BMW 323, BMW 323i

Total Pages:

911

Type:

Workshop Repair and Service Manual

Language:

English (Assumed based on typical workshop manual distribution for this era and market)

File Format:

PDF

📖 Manual Coverage

Engine Mechanical:

Detailed overhaul and repair procedures for the M20 inline-six engine (specifically the 323i variant), including cylinder head, block, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, timing components, and lubrication system.

Fuel System:

Comprehensive coverage of the Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection system, including fuel pump, injectors, fuel pressure regulator, cold start valve, airflow meter, and ECU troubleshooting.

Ignition System:

Details on the electronic ignition system, including distributor, ignition coil, spark plugs, and timing adjustment procedures.

Transmission:

Repair and overhaul procedures for the Getrag 245 5-speed manual transmission, including clutch system, gearbox internal components, and shift linkage.

Drivetrain And Axles:

Service information for the rear-wheel-drive system, including driveshaft, universal joints, differential, and half-shafts.

Suspension:

Front and rear suspension component service, including MacPherson struts, control arms, ball joints, bushings, shock absorbers, and spring replacement.

Steering:

Maintenance and repair of the recirculating ball steering system, including steering box, tie rods, and steering linkage.

Brakes:

Detailed procedures for servicing the front disc and rear drum brake system (or optional rear discs on some models), including master cylinder, brake lines, calipers, wheel cylinders, pads, and shoes.

Electrical System:

Comprehensive wiring diagrams, component testing, troubleshooting, and repair for all electrical systems, including lighting, instrumentation, charging system (alternator, starter), and accessories.

Cooling System:

Service and repair of the radiator, water pump, thermostat, hoses, and coolant flow.

Exhaust System:

Information on exhaust manifold, catalytic converter (where applicable), mufflers, and pipes.

Body And Chassis:

Body panel alignment, door, hood, and trunk lid adjustments, and basic structural repair guidance.

Scheduled Maintenance:

Detailed instructions for routine maintenance tasks such as oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug service, brake checks, and fluid level top-offs.

Troubleshooting:

Systematic diagnostic procedures and flowcharts for identifying and resolving common and uncommon faults across all vehicle systems.

Engine Rebuild:

Step-by-step instructions for complete engine disassembly, inspection, measurement, component replacement, and reassembly.

Transmission Overhaul:

Complete guide to disassembling, inspecting, repairing, and reassembling the manual transmission.

Brake System Service:

Procedures for bleeding brakes, replacing pads and rotors/drums, and servicing brake calipers and wheel cylinders.

Electrical Diagnostics:

Guides on using multimeters, testing sensors, diagnosing wiring issues, and repairing electrical components.

Suspension And Steering Repair:

Instructions for replacing bushings, ball joints, tie rod ends, shock absorbers, and steering components.

Fuel Injection System Diagnosis:

Detailed steps for diagnosing issues with the L-Jetronic system, including pressure testing and component testing.

Clutch Replacement:

Instructions for clutch disc, pressure plate, and release bearing replacement.

Body Panel Replacement:

Guidance on minor body panel adjustments and potentially replacement of common wear items like seals.

Depth Level:

Comprehensive

Diagnostic Capabilities:

Advanced, suitable for professional mechanics and experienced DIYers, including detailed electrical schematics and troubleshooting guides.

Rebuild Information:

Includes full engine and transmission rebuild specifications, torque values, and critical measurements.

📊 Manual Specifications

File Type:

Digital PDF

Searchability:

Likely searchable text content, allowing for quick keyword-based information retrieval.

Printability:

Printable pages for workshop use, allowing users to create physical copies of sections.

Image Resolution:

High-resolution scans ensuring clarity of diagrams and illustrations (assumed for a comprehensive manual).

Diagram Clarity:

Excellent, crucial for mechanical and electrical procedures.

Binding Type Digital:

N/A (Digital PDF)

Paper Type Digital:

N/A (Digital PDF)

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Engine Code:

M20B23

Engine Type:

Inline 6-cylinder, 4-stroke

Displacement:

2316 cc (2.3 Liters)

Bore X Stroke:

84.0 mm x 70.0 mm

Compression Ratio:

8.8:1

Valve Train:

SOHC (Single Overhead Camshaft), 2 valves per cylinder

Horsepower:

143 PS (141 hp; 105 kW) at 5300 rpm (DIN)

Torque:

205 Nm (151 lb-ft) at 4000 rpm (DIN)

Fuel Delivery:

Bosch L-Jetronic Electronic Fuel Injection

Fuel Type:

Unleaded gasoline (recommended, leaded fuel was common in early years)

Cooling Method:

Water-cooled

🔧 Transmission

Transmission Type Standard:

5-speed Manual (Getrag 245)

Transmission Type Optional:

3-speed Automatic (ZF 3HP22)

Clutch Type:

Single dry plate, hydraulically operated

📐 Dimensions

Length:

4374 mm (172.2 in)

Width:

1625 mm (64.0 in)

Height:

1380 mm (54.3 in)

Wheelbase:

2563 mm (100.9 in)

Front Track:

1372 mm (54.0 in)

Rear Track:

1376 mm (54.2 in)

Curb Weight:

1270 kg (2800 lbs) - approximate, varies with options

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating:

1750 kg (3858 lbs) - approximate

Fuel Tank Capacity:

50 Liters (13.2 US gal)

🛡️ Safety Features

Crash Test Data:

Limited formal crash test data available for this era compared to modern standards. Known for robust construction for its time.

Brakes:

Front ventilated discs, Rear drums (standard). ABS was not generally available on E21 models.

Steering:

Recirculating ball steering system.

Seatbelts:

Standard three-point seatbelts in the front.

Body Structure:

Reinforced passenger cell and crumple zones, characteristic of BMW's safety focus.

💡 Technology Features

Audio System:

Factory fitted radio and speaker systems, typically analog with cassette or radio functionality. Manual will cover basic operation and fuse locations.

ABS:

Not typically equipped with ABS on E21 models.

Traction Control:

Not available on E21 models.

Internal Connectivity:

Basic diagnostic connectors for early EFI systems. No modern Bluetooth or USB connectivity.

🔧 Maintenance

Oil Change Interval:

Typically every 10,000 - 15,000 km (6,000 - 9,000 miles) or annually, depending on usage and oil quality. Manual will provide exact recommendations.

Air Filter Replacement:

Recommended every 20,000 - 30,000 km (12,000 - 18,000 miles) or as needed based on inspection.

Spark Plug Replacement:

Typically every 30,000 - 40,000 km (18,000 - 25,000 miles), specific to plug type used.

Transmission Fluid Change:

Manual transmission fluid (gear oil) often recommended for inspection at major services, replacement at higher mileages (e.g., 80,000-100,000 km). Automatic transmission fluid requires more frequent changes.

Engine Oil:

API SG or higher, SAE 10W-40 or 20W-50, depending on climate. Manual will specify precise viscosity and API classification. Early models may have specified oil for leaded fuel.

Coolant:

Ethylene glycol based coolant, typically a 50/50 mix with distilled water. Manual will provide specific BMW coolant type or equivalent.

Brake Fluid:

DOT 3 or DOT 4, depending on original specification. Must be replaced every 2-3 years due to hygroscopic nature.

Manual Transmission Fluid:

GL-4 or GL-5 gear oil, typically SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90. Check manual for specific GL rating and viscosity.

Automatic Transmission Fluid:

Dexron II or equivalent. Requires regular checks and changes.

Rust And Corrosion:

Common issue in older vehicles, particularly around wheel arches, sills, and boot floor. Check structural integrity.

Fuel System Leaks:

Degradation of fuel lines, O-rings, and pump seals over time. L-Jetronic system can be sensitive to vacuum leaks.

Suspension Wear:

Bushings, ball joints, and tie rod ends are common wear items and can affect handling and steering feel.

Cooling System Overheating:

Radiator, water pump, and thermostat can fail. Ensure proper coolant levels and fan operation.

Electrical Gremlins:

Aging wiring harnesses and connectors can lead to intermittent faults in various systems.

Exhaust System Corrosion:

Mufflers and pipes can rust through, requiring replacement.

📚 Vehicle History

Bmw Philosophy:

BMW's long-standing commitment to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' began to solidify with models like the E21, emphasizing driver engagement and engineering excellence.

Predecessor:

BMW 02 Series (e.g., 2002)

Successor:

BMW E30 (1982-1991)

Key Design Elements:

Introduced the distinctive 'Bangle butt' design cue, a forward-leaning grille, and a more aerodynamic profile than its predecessor. The interior featured the driver-oriented dashboard.

Production Years:

1975–1983 (although the manual covers up to 1984, reflecting late production/registration)

Manufacturing Locations:

Germany (primarily Munich and Dingolfing)

Total Units Produced:

Approx. 1.3 million (all E21 variants)

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Automotive Journalism Awards:

While specific awards for the 323i might not be widely documented as separate entities, the E21 generation as a whole was critically acclaimed for its driving dynamics and helped solidify BMW's reputation in the compact executive segment.

Driving Experience Reviews:

Consistently praised by automotive journalists of the era for its sharp handling, responsive steering, and powerful inline-six engine.

Certification Standards:

Built to German TUV and other relevant European automotive safety and emissions standards of the period.