Segment:
Executive/Luxury Sedan
Target Audience:
Enthusiasts, DIY mechanics, professional technicians working on classic BMWs.
Competitors:
Mercedes-Benz W123, Audi 100, Volvo 740/760, Jaguar XJ6 (XJ40 era).
Vehicle Strengths:
Robust engineering, driver-focused dynamics, quality materials, distinctive styling.
Manual Value Proposition:
Provides the essential technical knowledge to maintain and repair the E28 5 Series, particularly the entry-level 518 model, ensuring longevity and performance.
Engine:
M10-series 1.8L (M10B18), including carburetor and potentially early fuel injection variants. Engine mechanicals, cooling, lubrication, fuel, ignition, emissions.
Transmission:
Manual and Automatic transmissions (Getrag 4-speed/5-speed manual, ZF 3-speed/4-speed automatic). Clutch, drivetrain, driveshafts, differentials.
Brakes:
Hydraulic brake system, front disc, rear drum or disc depending on market/trim. ABS diagnostics if applicable to later E28 variants.
Suspension Steering:
Front MacPherson struts, rear semi-trailing arms. Steering system (power steering assist likely). Wheel alignment.
Electrical Electronics:
Wiring diagrams, lighting, ignition system, starting system, charging system, instrumentation, convenience features. Fuse box locations and component identification.
Body Chassis:
Body construction, exterior trim, interior components, HVAC system, body seals, glass replacement.
Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug servicing, coolant flushes, brake fluid changes, belt replacements, tune-up procedures.
Repair Rebuild:
Engine overhaul (e.g., head gasket, piston rings), transmission rebuild, brake caliper overhaul, suspension component replacement, starter/alternator replacement.
Troubleshooting:
Diagnostic flowcharts, common symptom identification, fault diagnosis for engine, electrical, and mechanical systems.
Depth:
Extensive. Covers routine maintenance to complete mechanical and electrical system overhauls. Includes torque specifications, clearances, and diagnostic parameters.
Displacement:
1.8 Liters (1766 cc)
Configuration:
Inline 4-cylinder, SOHC (Single Overhead Camshaft)
Horsepower:
Approx. 90-100 hp (depending on market and fuel system)
Torque:
Approx. 100-110 lb-ft (depending on market and fuel system)
Induction Type:
Carbureted (e.g., Solex, Pierburg) or Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection (on later models/specific markets).
Fuel Type:
Unleaded Gasoline
Type:
Electronic Ignition (breakerless distributor common)
Type:
Pressurized liquid cooling system.
Oil Capacity:
Approx. 4.5 Liters (with filter change)
M10B18 Variants:
Specific variants like M10B18 (e.g., 1800cc, E18)
Transmission Type:
4-speed Manual (Getrag)
Transmission Type:
5-speed Manual (Getrag 260/5), ZF 3-speed Automatic, ZF 4-speed Automatic (e.g., 4HP22)
Clutch Type:
Single dry plate, hydraulic actuation.
Transmission Fluid Manual:
GL-4 Gear Oil (e.g., SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90)
Transmission Fluid Automatic
Type:
Dexron III/Mercon (or equivalent ATF)
Length:
Approx. 4620 mm (181.9 in)
Width:
Approx. 1700 mm (66.9 in)
Height:
Approx. 1415 mm (55.7 in)
Wheelbase:
Approx. 2770 mm (109.1 in)
Curb Weight:
Approx. 1300-1400 kg (depending on transmission and equipment)
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating:
Varies by market, typically around 1800-1900 kg
Trunk Volume:
Approx. 500 Liters (17.7 cu ft)
Crash Test History:
Limited data for this specific period and model, but generally known for robust passenger cell construction in the E28 platform.
Braking:
Front ventilated discs, rear drums or discs. Optional ABS on later E28 models.
Steering:
Recirculating ball steering, often with power assist.
Seat Belts:
3-point inertia reel front seat belts, 2-point or 3-point rear seat belts.
Body Structure:
Reinforced A, B, and C pillars, crumple zones front and rear.
Audio System:
Factory-installed AM/FM radio, often with cassette player. Aftermarket upgrades common.
ABS:
Optional on later models, typically not standard on the 518.
HVAC:
Manual climate control, optional air conditioning.
Windows:
Manual or optional power windows.
Oil Change Interval:
Typically every 5,000-7,500 miles or 12 months (dependent on oil type and driving conditions).
Spark Plug Replacement:
Every 20,000-30,000 miles for standard plugs, longer for platinum/iridium.
Coolant Flush:
Every 2-3 years or 30,000 miles.
Brake Fluid Change:
Every 2 years.
Engine Oil Type:
API SG/SH rated, SAE 15W-40 or 10W-40 (check specific manual for best practice).
Coolant Type:
Ethylene Glycol based antifreeze, typically 50/50 mix with distilled water.
Power Steering Fluid:
ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) or specific BMW power steering fluid.
Engine:
Oil leaks from valve cover gasket, front crankshaft seal. Potential for carburation issues, timing belt wear (though M10 is timing chain), coolant leaks from hoses/radiator.
Electrical:
Degradation of wiring insulation (especially under hood), fuse box issues, alternator/starter motor wear, fuel pump relays.
Suspension:
Worn control arm bushings, ball joints, shock absorbers, rear trailing arm bushings. Sway bar links.
Body:
Rust, particularly around wheel arches, rocker panels, and battery tray area. Window seals, door seals deterioration.
Bmw Philosophy:
Sheer Driving Pleasure, performance, engineering excellence.
E28 Introduction:
Introduced in 1981 as the successor to the E12 5 Series. The E28 was an evolution, featuring improved aerodynamics, chassis refinement, and new technology.
518 Positioning:
The 518 served as the entry-level model in many markets, offering BMW's executive sedan characteristics with a more accessible powertrain.
Production Years:
1981-1987 (E28 platform), with the 518 model specifically produced within this range, focusing on the earlier years.
Manufacturing Locations:
Primarily Germany (Dingolfing plant).
