Positioning:
The BMW 518 (E28) was positioned as a refined and sporty executive sedan, offering a blend of comfort, performance, and BMW's signature driving dynamics in the mid-size luxury segment.
Competitors:
Competed with vehicles such as the Mercedes-Benz W123/W124 E-Class, Audi 100/200, and Jaguar XJ6.
Driving Dynamics:
Renowned for its balanced chassis, rear-wheel drive, and responsive steering, characteristic of BMW's 'Ultimate Driving Machine' ethos.
Build Quality:
Exhibited excellent build quality and durability, typical of BMW vehicles from this era.
Design:
Featured the distinctive Paul-Henry Narkov-designed E28 bodywork, an evolution of the E12 generation.
Engine Mechanical Systems:
Engine assembly, cylinder head, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, camshaft, valve train, oil pump, timing components.
Engine Electrical Systems:
Ignition system, starting system, charging system, engine control unit (ECU) diagnosis, sensor operation.
Fuel And Emission Systems:
Fuel injection system (K-Jetronic), fuel pump, injectors, fuel filter, emission control systems, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
Transmission Drivetrain Systems:
Manual transmission overhaul, automatic transmission service, clutch system, driveshafts, differential.
Suspension Steering Systems:
Front and rear suspension components, shock absorbers, springs, control arms, sway bars, power steering system, steering rack.
Brake Systems:
Front and rear disc brakes, brake calipers, master cylinder, brake booster, parking brake.
Electrical And Body Systems:
Wiring diagrams, lighting, instruments, power windows, central locking, wiper system, HVAC controls, body panel removal.
Routine Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks, spark plug replacement, belt inspection and adjustment.
Component Overhaul:
Engine rebuild, transmission rebuild, differential overhaul, carburetor/fuel injection system servicing.
Troubleshooting Diagnostics:
Step-by-step diagnostic procedures for common and complex issues, fault code interpretation (where applicable).
Electrical Diagnostics:
Wiring diagram interpretation, testing of sensors, actuators, and control modules.
Wheel Alignment And Tire Service:
Specifications for wheel alignment, tire rotation, and balancing.
Depth:
Comprehensive, covering everything from basic tune-ups to complete engine and transmission overhauls and electrical system diagnosis.
Engine Code:
M10 (specific variant for 518)
Engine Type:
Inline-4 Cylinder, Naturally Aspirated
Displacement:
1.8 Liters (1766 cc)
Horsepower:
Approx. 90-105 PS (depending on market and specific tune)
Torque:
Approx. 140-155 Nm (depending on market and specific tune)
Fuel Delivery:
Bosch K-Jetronic Mechanical Fuel Injection
Fuel Type:
Unleaded Gasoline (Premium)
Ignition System:
Electronic Ignition with distributor
Oil Change:
Typically every 10,000-15,000 km (6,000-9,000 miles) or 12 months, whichever comes first.
Air Filter:
Inspect every 20,000 km (12,000 miles), replace as needed.
Spark Plugs:
Replace every 30,000-40,000 km (18,000-24,000 miles).
Engine Oil:
API SG or higher, SAE 20W-50 or 15W-40 (check manual for precise recommendations based on climate).
Coolant:
Ethylene glycol-based coolant, BMW blue or equivalent (50/50 mix with distilled water).
Brake Fluid:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid.
Transmission Fluid Manual:
GL-4 gear oil, SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90.
Transmission Fluid Automatic:
Dexron II or equivalent.
Common Problems:
Rust (wheel arches, sills, battery tray), worn suspension bushings, aging fuel lines, distributor head issues, vacuum leaks, overheating (if cooling system not maintained).
Electrical Problems:
Corroded connections, failing relays, instrument cluster issues.
