Engine Mechanical:
Engine assembly, cylinder head, engine block, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, timing systems (belt/chain), lubrication system, cooling system, fuel injection system (mechanical and electronic components), emission control systems.
Engine Electrical:
Ignition system, starting system, charging system, engine control unit (ECU) diagnosis, sensors, actuators, wiring diagrams.
Transmission Manual:
Clutch system, gearbox assembly, shift mechanisms, driveshafts, universal joints, final drive (differentials).
Transmission Automatic:
Automatic transmission assembly, torque converter, valve body, electronic controls, hydraulic systems, cooling.
Drivetrain:
Four-wheel drive (4WD) system operation and servicing, transfer case, front and rear axles, differentials.
Suspension:
Front suspension (e.g., double wishbone), rear suspension (e.g., multi-link or leaf spring depending on variant), shock absorbers, springs, control arms, bushings, steering knuckles.
Steering:
Steering system components, power steering pump, steering rack/gearbox, tie rods, steering column, alignment specifications.
Brakes:
Brake system components (discs, drums, calipers, master cylinder, slave cylinders), hydraulic lines, brake fluid specifications, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) diagnosis and components, parking brake.
Body And Chassis:
Body construction, frame (if applicable), exterior panels, doors, hood, tailgate, interior trim, glass, sealing, rust prevention.
Electrical System Lighting:
Headlights, taillights, interior lighting, turn signals, hazard lights, wiring for lighting circuits.
Electrical System Accessories:
Power windows, power locks, mirrors, windshield wipers and washers, horn, audio system, climate control fan, accessory circuits.
HVAC:
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system components, refrigerant handling, compressor, condenser, evaporator, blower motor, controls.
Routine Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks and top-offs, spark plug replacement, belt inspection and replacement, tire rotations, brake pad inspection.
Engine Repair:
Engine overhauls, cylinder head removal/installation, piston and connecting rod replacement, crankshaft installation, timing chain/belt replacement, gasket replacement.
Transmission Repair:
Clutch replacement, gearbox disassembly/reassembly, automatic transmission servicing, fluid changes, seal replacement.
Brake Service:
Brake pad and shoe replacement, rotor/drum resurfacing/replacement, caliper servicing, brake line repair, bleeding the brake system, ABS component testing and replacement.
Suspension And Steering Repair:
Shock absorber/strut replacement, ball joint replacement, control arm bushing replacement, tie rod end replacement, power steering pump replacement, steering rack repair.
Electrical Diagnosis:
Troubleshooting electrical faults, reading diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), testing sensors and actuators, repairing wiring harnesses, circuit tracing using wiring diagrams.
Body And Trim:
Door panel removal, interior trim panel replacement, bumper repair/replacement, body panel alignment, glass replacement.
HVAC Servicing:
Refrigerant evacuation and recharging, component replacement (compressor, condenser, evaporator), leak testing, blower motor replacement.
Troubleshooting Guides:
Common problems and their solutions, diagnostic flowcharts, symptom-based troubleshooting.
Depth:
Comprehensive (from basic maintenance to major component overhauls and complex diagnostics).
Engine Code:
C20NE (early models), X20SE, X22SE, C22SED (petrol), R2 (diesel), OM601 (Mercedes-Benz diesel variant)
Engine Type:
Inline-4 Cylinder, DOHC, EFI (petrol); Inline-4 Cylinder, Turbocharged Diesel
Displacement Petrol:
2.0 L (1998 cc), 2.2 L (2198 cc)
Displacement Diesel:
2.3 L (2300 cc)
Horsepower 2.0L Petrol:
Approx. 113 hp (84 kW) @ 5400 rpm (varies by specific engine and market)
Torque 2.0L Petrol:
Approx. 170 Nm (125 lb-ft) @ 3000 rpm (varies by specific engine and market)
Horsepower 2.2L Petrol:
Approx. 127 hp (93 kW) @ 5000 rpm (varies by specific engine and market)
Torque 2.2L Petrol:
Approx. 190 Nm (140 lb-ft) @ 3000 rpm (varies by specific engine and market)
Horsepower Diesel:
Approx. 76 hp (56 kW) @ 4000 rpm (naturally aspirated R2), ~95 hp (70 kW) (turbocharged variants)
Torque Diesel:
Approx. 142 Nm (105 lb-ft) (naturally aspirated R2), ~170 Nm (125 lb-ft) (turbocharged variants)
Fuel Delivery:
Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) for petrol engines; Indirect Injection (IDI) or Direct Injection (DI) for diesel engines.
Fuel Type:
Unleaded gasoline (Petrol), Diesel fuel.
Ignition System:
Distributorless Ignition System (DIS) or Distributor-based ignition depending on year/model.
Oil Change Interval Petrol:
Every 7,500 - 10,000 km (4,500 - 6,000 miles) or 6-12 months, whichever comes first (refer to specific manual for exact mileage and driving conditions).
Oil Change Interval Diesel:
Every 5,000 - 7,500 km (3,000 - 4,500 miles) or 6 months, whichever comes first (diesel engines often require more frequent oil changes).
Air Filter Replacement:
Every 20,000 - 30,000 km (12,000 - 18,000 miles).
Fuel Filter Replacement Petrol:
Every 40,000 - 60,000 km (25,000 - 37,000 miles).
Fuel Filter Replacement Diesel:
Every 20,000 - 30,000 km (12,000 - 18,000 miles) (critical for diesel systems).
Spark Plug Replacement Petrol:
Every 40,000 - 80,000 km (25,000 - 50,000 miles) depending on spark plug type (standard vs. platinum/iridium).
Timing Belt Replacement:
Crucial! Typically every 60,000 - 100,000 km (37,000 - 60,000 miles) or 5-7 years for petrol engines. Refer to manual for specific engine. Failure can cause catastrophic engine damage. Diesel timing components vary.
Engine Oil Petrol:
API SG/SH/SJ or ACEA A2/A3, SAE 10W-40 or 15W-40 (check manual for specific viscosity and API rating based on ambient temperature).
Engine Oil Diesel:
API CF-4/CG-4 or ACEA B2/B3, SAE 10W-30 or 15W-40 (diesel-specific oil required).
Coolant:
Ethylene glycol-based coolant, typically a 50/50 mix with deionized water. Green or orange silicate-free coolants compatible with Asian vehicles. Refer to manual for specific type (e.g., G11).
Brake Fluid:
DOT 3 or DOT 4, glycol-based.
Transmission Fluid Manual:
API GL-4, SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90 gear oil.
Transmission Fluid Automatic:
Dexron III (or equivalent ATFI) automatic transmission fluid.
Power Steering Fluid:
ATF Dexron II/III or specific power steering fluid.
Engine Petrol:
Overheating due to cooling system inefficiency, oil leaks from gaskets, occasional ignition system component failure (coil packs, plugs).
Engine Diesel:
Glow plug issues, injector pump reliability, potential for turbocharger problems on turbocharged variants.
Drivetrain 4Wd:
Wear in transfer case, front CV joint failures, propeller shaft bearing wear.
Suspension And Steering:
Wear in ball joints and bushings, power steering pump leaks, steering play.
Electrical:
Corrosion in wiring connectors, occasional failure of window regulators, aging sensor components.
Bodywork Corrosion:
Rust formation, particularly on wheel arches, sills, and chassis components, common in humid climates or areas with road salt.