🏷️ Basic Information

Make:

Harley-Davidson

Model:

FXWG

Year:

1981

Nickname:

Shovelhead

👋 Introduction

Positioning:

The Harley-Davidson FXWG (Wide Glide) of 1981 represents a significant model in the brand's evolution, featuring the iconic Shovelhead engine and a distinctive styling that appealed to riders seeking a classic cruiser with a custom look. This era marked a transition for Harley-Davidson as they navigated market changes and technological advancements. The FXWG, with its raked-out front end, was a popular choice for customization and long-distance riding.

Competitors:

In its time, the FXWG competed with other large-displacement V-twin cruisers from American and increasingly from Japanese manufacturers. Its primary appeal was its authentic Harley-Davidson heritage, distinctive styling, and the raw character of the Shovelhead engine, which appealed to a dedicated enthusiast base. Other motorcycles in this segment included models from Indian (though its production was intermittent), and emerging Japanese V-twins that offered different levels of refinement and performance.

Features:

The 1981 FXWG is characterized by its Shovelhead engine, the signature 'Wide Glide' front fork assembly, a substantial fuel tank, and a comfortable rider ergonomics. This model embodies the classic Harley-Davidson cruiser aesthetic, making it a sought-after motorcycle for collectors and riders who appreciate vintage American V-twin motorcycles.

📋 Manual Details

Engine:

Yes

Transmission:

Yes

Electrical System:

Yes

Chassis:

Yes

Suspension:

Yes

Brakes:

Yes

Fuel System:

Yes

Ignition System:

Yes

Bodywork:

Yes

Troubleshooting:

Yes

Maintenance Procedures:

Yes

Diagnostic Procedures:

Yes

Estimated Pages:

Hundreds (specific count not provided, but indicated as complete)

Type:

Factory Service Repair Manual / Workshop Manual

Language:

English

Format:

PDF Download

📖 Manual Coverage

Engine Mechanical:

Comprehensive coverage of the Shovelhead engine, including top-end and bottom-end components, valve train, lubrication system, and cooling.

Carburetion And Fuel Delivery:

Detailed explanations of carburetor overhaul (e.g., Keihin CV or Linkert, depending on specific fitment), fuel pump, and fuel lines.

Ignition And Electrical:

In-depth diagrams and troubleshooting for the ignition system (points, condenser, coil, spark plugs), charging system (generator/alternator, regulator), lighting, and starter motor.

Transmission And Drivetrain:

Coverage of the 4-speed transmission, clutch assembly, primary drive, and final drive belt/chain maintenance and adjustment.

Frame And Suspension:

Information on frame components, fork service (oil changes, seal replacement), rear shock absorber maintenance, and wheel bearing service.

Braking System:

Detailed procedures for front and rear brake systems, including caliper overhaul, brake fluid replacement, and pad inspection.

Wheel And Tire Service:

Specifications and procedures for tire installation, balancing, and wheel maintenance.

Body And Trim:

Guidance on fender removal, fuel tank installation, seat maintenance, and other body component servicing.

Routine Maintenance:

Oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug inspection/replacement, chain/belt adjustment, and general lubrication.

Component Rebuilds:

Complete disassembly, cleaning, inspection, and reassembly instructions for major engine and transmission components.

Troubleshooting Fault Diagnosis:

Systematic diagnostic procedures for identifying and resolving common mechanical and electrical issues.

Wiring Diagrams:

Comprehensive electrical schematics for accurate diagnosis and repair of the electrical system.

Specifications And Tolerances:

Precise measurements, clearances, torque values, and other critical specifications for engine and chassis components.

Special Tool Identification:

References to required special tools for specific repair procedures.

Depth:

Comprehensive. Covers everything from basic scheduled maintenance to full engine and transmission overhauls, including detailed diagnostic steps for complex issues. Suitable for both experienced mechanics and dedicated DIY enthusiasts.

📊 Manual Specifications

Format:

PDF

Quality:

High-resolution, enabling clear printing of all diagrams, text, and illustrations. Assumed to be derived from original factory documentation.

Binding:

N/A (Digital PDF Download)

Paper Type:

N/A (Digital PDF Download)

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Engine Type:

Air-cooled, 45-degree V-twin, OHV

Displacement:

73.7 cu. in. (1207 cc)

Bore X Stroke:

3.4375 in. x 4.25 in. (87.3 mm x 108 mm)

Compression Ratio:

8.2:1 (Typical for Shovelhead)

Valve Train:

Overhead Valve (OHV), pushrod actuated

Camshaft:

Mechanical, pushrod operated (specific profiles varied)

Lubrication System:

Dry Sump with external oil tank and oil pump

Horsepower:

Approx. 60-65 HP (at crankshaft, estimated)

Torque:

Approx. 65-70 ft-lbs (at crankshaft, estimated)

Carburetor:

Typically a Keihin CV (Constant Velocity) carburetor or potentially a Linkert depending on specific build variations.

Fuel Type:

Unleaded gasoline, minimum 87 octane recommended

🔧 Transmission

Transmission Type:

4-speed constant mesh

Clutch Type:

Wet multi-plate

Primary Drive:

Duplex chain in a primary chaincase

Final Drive:

Belt drive

Gear Ratios:

Specific gear ratios are detailed within the manual but typically include: 1st: 2.50:1, 2nd: 1.61:1, 3rd: 1.21:1, 4th: 1.00:1 (Approximate and subject to minor variations)

Transmission Fluid Type:

Refer to manual for specific API classifications, typically SAE 20W50 or equivalent for the engine/transmission oil, and primary chaincase lubricant (e.g., Harley-Davidson Primary Chaincase Lubricant or similar).

📐 Dimensions

Wheelbase:

Approx. 63.2 inches (1605 mm)

Length:

Approx. 90 inches (2286 mm)

Height:

Approx. 47 inches (1194 mm)

Seat Height:

Approx. 28.5 inches (724 mm) (unladen)

Fuel Capacity:

Approx. 5.0 US gallons (18.9 L)

Dry Weight:

Approx. 570 lbs (258 kg)

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating:

Not typically specified for this era of motorcycles, but rider and cargo capacity is limited by suspension and frame strength.

Wheel Size Front:

16-inch

Wheel Size Rear:

16-inch

Tire Size Front:

3.50-16

Tire Size Rear:

4.00-16 or 4.50-16

Wheelbase:

63.2 inches (1605 mm)

🛡️ Safety Features

Crash Testing:

Motorcycles of this era were not subjected to standardized crash testing like automobiles. Safety is primarily related to mechanical integrity and rider preparedness.

Braking System:

Dual front disc brakes, single rear disc brake. System performance is adequate for the era but may require careful maintenance.

Lighting:

Standard headlight, taillight, brake light, and turn signals.

Frame Construction:

Steel frame providing structural rigidity.

Ergonomics:

Designed for comfortable cruiser riding, though rider skill and awareness are paramount for safe operation.

💡 Technology Features

Infotainment System:

N/A - Motorcycles of this era were not equipped with electronic infotainment systems. Focus is on mechanical and electrical functionality.

Driver Assistance Features:

N/A - No electronic driver assistance features were present.

Connectivity Features:

N/A - No electronic connectivity features.

🔧 Maintenance

Oil Change Engine:

Every 2,500 - 3,000 miles or annually, whichever comes first. Consult manual for exact specifications and oil type.

Primary Chain Tensioner Check:

Check at every 5,000 miles. Specific adjustment procedures are detailed in the manual.

Belt Drive Tension Check:

Check belt tension at every 5,000 miles. Refer to manual for correct tension specifications.

Fork Oil Change:

Recommended every 10,000 - 15,000 miles or as needed based on performance.

Spark Plug Replacement:

Inspect every 5,000 miles, replace as needed. Typically Champion H8 or equivalent.

Engine Oil Type:

Harley-Davidson 20W-50 or equivalent premium motorcycle oil meeting API SG or higher.

Engine Oil Capacity:

Approx. 3 US quarts (2.8 L) with filter change.

Primary Chaincase Lubricant:

Harley-Davidson Primary Chaincase Lubricant or equivalent.

Brake Fluid Type:

DOT 4 (or specified equivalent for original equipment) for brake systems.

Fork Oil Type:

Refer to manual for specific viscosity, typically SAE 10W or 15W fork oil.

Shifter Lever Wear:

Common wear on the shifter pawl or lever assembly can lead to difficult shifting.

Oil Leaks:

Shovelhead engines are known for minor oil seepage from various seals and gaskets. Proper maintenance and seal replacement are key.

Carburetor Tuning:

Carburetors of this era (especially older Linkerts) can require frequent adjustment and tuning for optimal performance and emissions.

Points Ignition Maintenance:

Mechanical points ignition requires regular cleaning, adjustment, and replacement of points and condenser.

Charging System Reliability:

Early models could experience issues with the charging system (generator/regulator). This manual will detail troubleshooting and replacement procedures.

📚 Vehicle History

Brand Legacy:

Harley-Davidson, founded in 1903, has a rich history deeply intertwined with American culture and motorcycle racing. The brand is synonymous with V-twin engines and the cruiser motorcycle segment.

Shovelhead Development:

The Shovelhead engine was introduced in 1966, replacing the Panhead. It featured redesigned cylinder heads for improved cooling and oil flow. The FXWG model, introduced in 1980, combined the Shovelhead engine with the custom styling of the FXR frame, featuring a longer, raked-out front end (hence 'Wide Glide').

Production Years Shovelhead:

1966-1983

Production Years Fxwg:

1980-1985

Manufacturing Location:

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Model Recognition:

While specific awards for the 1981 FXWG model are not commonly documented, the Shovelhead engine and the FXWG platform are recognized within the motorcycle community for their classic styling, cultural impact, and enduring appeal to enthusiasts of American V-twin motorcycles.