Segment:
Compact Car / Sport Compact
Key Competitors:
Honda Civic, Toyota Corolla, Mazda Protege, Mitsubishi Lancer, Ford Focus, Volkswagen Golf.
Distinguishing Features:
Standard All-Wheel Drive (AWD) across most trims, Subaru's boxer engine configuration, rally-inspired heritage, durable build quality.
Target Audience:
Enthusiasts, budget-conscious buyers seeking AWD capability, drivers in varied weather conditions.
Engine:
Detailed diagnostics, repair procedures, component overhauls, cooling system, lubrication system, fuel system (injection, delivery), exhaust system, engine mechanical (timing belt, head gasket, pistons, rings, bearings), engine electrical (ignition, sensors, ECU control).
Transmission:
Manual Transmission (5-speed AWD), Automatic Transmission (4-speed AWD). Includes overhaul, repair, adjustments, fluid specifications, and troubleshooting.
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive (AWD) system, front differential, rear differential, driveshafts, CV joints, hub bearings.
Suspension:
Front MacPherson struts, rear multi-link suspension, control arms, sway bars, bushings, coil springs, shock absorbers. Alignment specifications.
Brakes:
Front disc brakes (vented), rear disc brakes. ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) diagnostics and repair. Brake fluid specifications, caliper and rotor replacement, bleeding procedures.
Steering:
Power assisted rack and pinion steering system. Steering column, pump, hoses, fluid specifications, troubleshooting.
Electrical:
Full electrical schematics, wiring diagrams for all systems. Lighting, instrumentation, power windows/locks, wipers, horn, fuses, relays, battery, charging system (alternator), starting system (starter motor).
HVAC:
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning system components, refrigerant, diagnostics, blower motor, compressor, condenser.
Body:
Exterior panels, doors, hood, trunk, bumpers, glass replacement, interior trim, seat removal, body repair guidelines.
Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug replacement, coolant flush, brake fluid change, differential fluid change, transmission fluid change, belt inspections/replacement, tune-ups.
Troubleshooting:
Diagnostic charts, symptom-based troubleshooting guides, common fault identification for engine, transmission, electrical, and chassis systems.
Repair:
Step-by-step repair procedures for all major components and systems, including engine rebuilds, transmission overhauls, suspension component replacement, brake system repairs, electrical component diagnosis and replacement.
Diagnostics:
OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) information, trouble code reading and interpretation, sensor testing, electrical component testing using multimeters and oscilloscopes.
Installation:
Includes procedures for replacement and installation of various components, such as audio systems, alarms, and minor aftermarket parts where applicable for diagnosis.
Depth:
Comprehensive, covering everything from basic preventative maintenance to full engine and transmission rebuilds. Suitable for professional mechanics and advanced DIY enthusiasts.
Engine Type:
Naturally Aspirated Horizontally Opposed (Boxer) 4-cylinder
Engine Displacement:
2.2 Liters (EJ22E/EJ22E2) and 2.5 Liters (EJ25D - DOHC, EJ251 - SOHC)
Fuel Delivery:
Multi-point Fuel Injection (MPI)
Horsepower Range:
Approx. 135-143 hp (for 2.2L and 2.5L NA variants)
Torque Range:
Approx. 140-150 lb-ft (for 2.2L and 2.5L NA variants)
Performance Models:
Includes the WRX (World Rallycross) variant with turbocharged EJ20G/EJ205 engines (2.0L DOHC Turbocharged) producing significantly more power (approx. 227-260 hp).
Engine Codes Covered:
EJ22E, EJ22E2, EJ25D, EJ251, EJ20G, EJ205 (for WRX models).
Transmission Type Standard:
5-Speed Manual Transmission (with AWD)
Transmission Type Optional:
4-Speed Automatic Transmission (with AWD)
AWD System:
Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive with viscous center differential (manual) or electronically controlled AWD (automatic).
Manual Transmission Fluid:
Subaru Extra-S Gear Oil (or equivalent SAE 75W-90 GL-5)
Automatic Transmission Fluid:
Subaru ATF HP (or equivalent Dexron III/Mercon)
Oil Change Interval:
Every 3,750 - 7,500 miles or 6-12 months (depending on driving conditions and oil type).
Timing Belt Replacement:
Every 60,000 - 105,000 miles or 7-10 years (critical due to interference engine design).
Spark Plug Replacement:
Every 30,000 - 60,000 miles (depending on plug type, e.g., copper vs. platinum).
Engine Oil Specification:
SAE 5W-30 or 10W-30 (check owner's manual for specific recommendations based on temperature). API SJ or higher.
Coolant Specification:
Subaru Super Coolant (or equivalent ethylene glycol-based antifreeze with corrosion inhibitors) - 50/50 mix with distilled water.
Brake Fluid Specification:
DOT 3 or DOT 4.
Power Steering Fluid:
Subaru All-Season Synthetic Power Steering Fluid (or equivalent ATF Dexron II/III)
Head Gasket Leaks:
Common on EJ25D (DOHC 2.5L) engines, often leading to coolant leaks into cylinders or oil passages. Later EJ251 (SOHC 2.5L) engines were improved but can still be susceptible.
Oil Leaks:
Rear main crankshaft seal, valve cover gaskets, oil pan gaskets can develop leaks over time.
Suspension Wear:
Worn control arm bushings, ball joints, and wheel bearings are common due to age and mileage, especially on AWD components.
Automatic Transmission Issues:
Overheating, rough shifting, or failure can occur if fluid is not regularly changed, particularly in heavy-duty use.
