Segment:
Mid-size sedan and wagon, known for its standard All-Wheel Drive and reliability
Competitors:
Honda Accord, Toyota Camry, Nissan Altima, Mazda 626, Ford Tempo
Key Differentiator:
Standard Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system, boxer engine layout offering a low center of gravity
Dvp Dv:
Durable Vehicle Platform, Versatile Design
Engine Options Summary:
Naturally aspirated and turbocharged flat-four engines, offering a balance of performance and efficiency
AWD System:
Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive, providing enhanced traction and stability in various conditions
Engine:
Detailed diagnosis, repair, and overhaul for all engine variants including EJ22, EJ18, EJ25 (naturally aspirated and turbocharged where applicable)
Transmission:
Service, repair, and overhaul for both manual (5-speed) and automatic transmissions (4-speed, including AWD variants like the AT42LS)
Drivetrain:
All-Wheel Drive (AWD) system components, differentials, driveshafts, CV joints, hub bearings
Suspension:
Front and rear suspension systems (MacPherson struts, multi-link rear), shock absorbers, springs, control arms, ball joints, sway bars
Brakes:
Front and rear brake systems (disc and drum), ABS (where equipped), brake fluid, lines, calipers, master cylinder, parking brake
Steering:
Power steering system, steering rack, tie rods, steering column, wheel alignment specifications
Electrical:
Complete wiring diagrams, fuse and relay locations, battery, charging system, starting system, lighting, instrument cluster, power windows, locks, mirrors, climate control
Fuel System:
Fuel injectors, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel pressure regulator, fuel tank, emissions control systems (catalytic converter, EGR)
Cooling System:
Radiator, coolant, water pump, thermostat, hoses, fan clutch, heater core
HVAC:
Air conditioning system, heater, blower motor, controls, refrigerant handling (disassembly and recharge procedures)
Body:
Body panel removal and installation, interior trim, doors, windows, body repair specifications
Diagnostics:
Troubleshooting guides based on symptoms, diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) for OBD-I systems
Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacements (oil, air, fuel), spark plug replacement, coolant flushes, brake fluid changes, belt replacement, tire rotation
Repair:
Engine rebuilds, transmission overhauls, brake system repairs, suspension component replacement, electrical component diagnosis and repair, exhaust system repair
Troubleshooting:
Step-by-step diagnostic procedures for common and uncommon problems, symptom-based troubleshooting charts
Installation:
Installation procedures for key components such as timing belts, water pumps, alternators, starters, clutch assemblies
Specifications:
Torque specifications for critical fasteners, engine timing procedures, fluid capacities, diagnostic specifications
Depth:
Comprehensive: covers everything from basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including in-depth electrical diagnostics and body repair
NHTSA Front Impact Driver:
4/5 Stars (for relevant model years/tests)
NHTSA Front Impact Passenger:
4/5 Stars (for relevant model years/tests)
ABS:
Anti-lock Braking System available on select trims and model years
AWD Traction:
Standard Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive enhances traction and stability
Airbags:
Driver and passenger airbags standard on later models within this range
Seatbelts:
3-point front and rear seat belts, pretensioners on front belts (later models)
Oil Change:
Every 3,000 - 5,000 miles (4,800 - 8,000 km) or 3-6 months, depending on oil type and driving conditions.
Air Filter:
Inspect every 15,000 miles (24,000 km), replace as needed or every 30,000 miles (48,000 km).
Fuel Filter:
Replace every 30,000 - 60,000 miles (48,000 - 96,000 km).
Spark Plugs:
Replace every 30,000 - 60,000 miles (48,000 - 96,000 km) depending on plug type (copper vs. platinum).
Timing Belt:
Crucial: Replace every 60,000 - 90,000 miles (96,000 - 145,000 km) or 4-5 years. Failure can cause catastrophic engine damage.
Engine Oil:
API SG/SH, SAE 5W-30 or 10W-30 (check owner's manual for specific climate recommendations)
Coolant:
Ethylene glycol-based antifreeze, 50/50 mix with distilled water. Subaru recommends Super Coolant or equivalent.
Brake Fluid:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid.
Transmission Fluid At:
Subaru ATF HP or Dexron III equivalent for 4EAT models.
Differential Fluid Front Rear:
GL-5 75W-90 gear oil (check manual for specific AWD configurations).
Head Gaskets:
While less prevalent in this generation compared to later EJ25s, early signs or potential leaks can occur. The manual will detail inspection and replacement procedures.
Timing Belt Tensioner:
Tensioner failure can lead to belt slippage or breakage. Manual covers replacement and inspection.
Oxygen Sensors:
Can degrade over time, affecting fuel economy and emissions. Manual provides diagnostic steps.
Rear Main Seal:
Potential for oil leaks from the rear main seal, especially with higher mileage. Manual details replacement.
Company Origin:
Founded in 1917 as Nakajima Aircraft Company, evolved into Subaru Corporation (formerly Fuji Heavy Industries)
Engineering Philosophy:
Emphasis on boxer engines, All-Wheel Drive technology, and unique engineering solutions
First Generation:
The 1989-1994 models represent the first generation of the Subaru Legacy, introduced globally to compete in the mid-size market.
Design Influence:
Designed by Olivier Boulay, featuring a more European-influenced styling compared to previous Subaru models.
Performance Variants:
Introduction of the turbocharged Legacy GT models, showcasing Subaru's performance capabilities.
Manufacturing Locations:
Primary production in Gunma, Japan. Assembly also occurred in other regions for specific markets.
Production Years:
1989-1994 (First Generation)