Description:
The Yamaha XS650 series, particularly the Special models, were popular Japanese custom-style motorcycles of their era, known for their torquey parallel-twin engines and classic styling, appealing to riders seeking a more relaxed cruising experience or a platform for customization.
Competitors:
Competed with other Japanese cruisers and standard motorcycles of the late 70s and early 80s, as well as American V-twin offerings. Its parallel-twin configuration offered a distinct character compared to the V-twins.
Features:
Iconic parallel-twin engine, distinctive styling, robust construction, and a strong aftermarket support base contributing to its custom potential.
Engine:
Complete engine assembly, disassembly, tuning, and troubleshooting
Fuel System:
Carburetor adjustment, cleaning, and repair; fuel tank, lines, and petcock service
Ignition System:
Ignition timing, coil testing, spark plug service, and points adjustment
Transmission Drivetrain:
Clutch operation, gearbox disassembly and assembly, final drive maintenance
Electrical System:
Wiring diagrams, lighting system, battery charging, starter motor, and instrument panel service
Brakes:
Front and rear brake system maintenance, adjustment, and component replacement
Suspension Steering:
Front fork service, rear shock absorber maintenance, steering head bearing adjustment
Wheels Tires:
Wheel bearing maintenance, tire replacement, and spoke tensioning
Frame Bodywork:
Frame inspection, seat and tank removal/installation, minor bodywork adjustments
Routine Maintenance:
Oil changes, filter replacement, lubrication points, chain adjustment
Troubleshooting:
Diagnostic charts for common problems and their solutions
Component Overhaul:
Detailed instructions for rebuilding major components like the engine and transmission
Adjustments:
Carburetor synchronization, ignition timing, clutch cable, brake levers
Torque Specifications:
Essential torque values for critical fasteners
Depth:
Comprehensive, covering from basic maintenance to complete engine rebuilds and advanced diagnostics
Engine Type:
Air-cooled, four-stroke, SOHC, parallel-twin
Displacement:
653 cc (39.8 cu in)
Bore X Stroke:
75 mm x 74 mm (2.95 in x 2.91 in)
Valve Arrangement:
SOHC, 2 valves per cylinder
Horsepower Approx:
53 hp @ 6,500 rpm (est.)
Torque Approx:
52 lb-ft @ 5,000 rpm (est.)
Carburetor Type:
Dual Mikuni VM34SS
Fuel Capacity:
13.0 L (3.4 US gal)
Ignition Type:
CDI (Capacitor Discharge Ignition) with dual spark plugs per cylinder
Oil Capacity With Filter:
Approx. 2.5 L (2.6 US qt)
Recommended Oil Viscosity:
10W-40 or 20W-50 (refer to manual for specific climate recommendations)
Engine Mounting:
Rubber-mounted for vibration isolation
Safety Ratings:
Not applicable in modern automotive crash test rating systems
Brakes Front:
Single Disc Brake
Lighting:
Headlight, taillight, brake light, turn signals
Instrumentation:
Speedometer, tachometer, neutral indicator, high beam indicator, turn signal indicators
Infotainment System:
N/A (Analog instrumentation)
Driver Assistance Features:
N/A
Connectivity Options:
N/A
Engine Management System:
Mechanical carburetor and CDI ignition, requiring manual tuning and adjustment.
Oil Change Interval:
Every 3,000 km (1,800 miles) or 6 months (refer to manual for precise recommendations)
Air Filter Cleaning:
As needed, or every 6,000 km (3,600 miles)
Spark Plug Replacement:
Every 12,000 km (7,200 miles) or as per inspection
Valve Clearance Check:
Every 6,000 km (3,600 miles)
Clutch Adjustment:
As needed
Chain Lubrication Adjustment:
Every 1,000 km (600 miles) or after washing/rain
Engine Oil Type:
API SE, SF or SG classified, SAE 10W-40 or 20W-50 motorcycle oil
Brake Fluid Type:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 (for disc brake system)
Common Wear Items:
Cam chain wear, output shaft seal leaks, carburetors requiring synchronization, charging system components (rectifier/regulator), and valve guide wear over high mileage.
Typical Repairs:
Piston ring replacement, top-end rebuilds, clutch adjustments and replacements, carburetor rebuilds.
Yamaha Motorcycles:
Yamaha Motor Corporation, founded in 1955, has a rich history in motorcycle manufacturing, known for innovation, performance, and reliability across various disciplines.
Xs650 Lineage:
The XS650 series was introduced in 1970 and was a significant model for Yamaha, evolving through various iterations and special editions. The 1981 models represent a mature stage of this popular platform.
Production Period:
1970-1983 for the XS650 line
Manufacturing Location:
Japan
