Model Variants:
XV700, XV750, XV920, XV1000, XV1100
Engine Codes:
XV700, XV750, XV920, XV1000, XV1100 (specific codes vary by displacement)
Positioning:
The Yamaha Virago series, particularly in the 1990 model year, represented a significant offering in the cruiser motorcycle market, known for its V-twin engines and classic styling. This manual caters to owners and technicians needing in-depth information for maintenance and repair.
Competitors:
Competed with models from Honda (Shadow series), Suzuki (Intruder series), and Kawasaki (Vulcan series) during this era.
Manual Value:
Provides critical information for maintaining and repairing a wide range of Virago displacements, ensuring longevity and optimal performance of these classic V-twins.
Engine Mechanical:
Complete engine overhaul, cylinder head, valve train, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, lubrication system, cooling system.
Fuel System:
Carburetor removal, cleaning, adjustment, and rebuilding (for applicable models), fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines.
Ignition System:
Ignition timing, spark plugs, ignition coils, CDI unit, wiring diagrams.
Transmission:
Gearbox removal, disassembly, inspection, assembly, clutch operation, drive shafts.
Electrical System:
Battery, charging system (alternator/stator, regulator/rectifier), starting system (starter motor, solenoid), lighting, instrumentation, wiring diagrams for all circuits.
Brakes:
Front and rear brake systems, hydraulic lines, master cylinders, calipers, brake pads, brake discs, bleeding procedures.
Suspension And Steering:
Front forks, rear shock absorbers, swingarm, steering head bearings, wheel bearings.
Frame And Bodywork:
Chassis inspection, body panel removal and installation, seat, fuel tank, fenders, exhaust system.
Maintenance:
Routine maintenance, oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug checks, chain adjustment, lubrication points.
Troubleshooting:
Diagnostic procedures for common problems, symptom-based troubleshooting guides.
Repair:
Step-by-step repair instructions for all major mechanical and electrical components.
Rebuilds:
Detailed instructions for engine and carburetor rebuilds.
Diagnostics:
Electrical system diagnostics, carburetor synchronization and adjustment.
Depth:
Comprehensive coverage for both DIY enthusiasts and professional mechanics. Includes detailed specifications, torque values, and diagnostic charts.
Engine Type:
Air-cooled, 4-stroke, V-twin, SOHC (Single Overhead Cam)
Bore X Stroke:
Varies by displacement (e.g., XV700: 70.0 x 76.0 mm, XV1100: 87.5 x 90.0 mm)
Displacement:
700cc, 750cc, 920cc, 1000cc, 1100cc
Compression Ratio:
Typically around 9.0:1 to 9.5:1 (varies by model)
Horsepower:
Estimates range from 45-60 HP depending on displacement and specific tuning.
Torque:
Peak torque figures generally occur in the mid-range RPMs, providing strong pulling power.
Carburetion:
Dual Mikuni carburetors (common configuration, specific models may vary, e.g., 34mm or 37mm).
Fuel Type:
Unleaded gasoline, minimum octane rating 87 (Octane Rating may vary by region, consult manual for specific recommendation).
Oil Type:
Yamalube 4 (or equivalent motorcycle-specific 4-stroke engine oil) SAE 20W-40 or 10W-40.
Oil Capacity:
Approximately 2.5 - 3.0 liters (check specific model for exact capacity).
Length:
Varies by model, typically around 2200-2300 mm
Width:
Varies by model, typically around 800-850 mm
Height:
Varies by model, typically around 1100-1150 mm
Wheelbase:
Varies by model, typically around 1500-1550 mm
Dry Weight:
Approximately 200-230 kg (dry, varies by model)
Wet Weight:
Approximately 220-250 kg (wet, with fluids, varies by model)
Safety Ratings:
Motorcycles of this era typically did not undergo formal crash test ratings like automobiles. Safety is primarily derived from design and rider input.
Braking System:
Hydraulic disc brakes front and rear. Specific caliper and disc sizes are model-dependent and detailed in the manual.
Lighting System:
Halogen headlight, taillight, brake light, turn signals. Manual includes wiring for all lighting components.
Frame Construction:
Steel double-cradle frame for stability and rider protection.
Infotainment System:
Basic instrumentation: speedometer, tachometer, odometer, trip meter, fuel gauge, indicator lights. No advanced infotainment systems present.
Assistance Features:
No electronic driver assistance features (e.g., ABS, traction control) were standard or commonly available on 1990 cruiser models.
Connectivity:
No electronic connectivity features. Communication is purely mechanical and electrical.
Oil Change Interval:
Typically every 5,000 km or 3,000 miles, or annually, whichever comes first. Consult manual for exact interval.
Filter Replacement:
Oil filter replacement recommended at every oil change.
Spark Plug Service:
Check and clean/replace spark plugs typically every 10,000-15,000 km.
Chain Maintenance:
Lubrication and adjustment every 1,000 km (if applicable, though shaft drive is common for larger Viragos).
Valve Clearance Check:
Initial check around 1,000 km, then typically every 10,000-20,000 km, depending on specific engine design. Manual will specify.
Engine Oil Spec:
Yamalube 4 (or equivalent) SAE 20W-40 or 10W-40, API SG or higher.
Transmission Oil Spec:
Yamaha Gear Oil 20W-90.
Brake Fluid Spec:
DOT 3 or DOT 4 (consult manual for exact specification and change interval).
Coolant Type:
Air-cooled engine, no coolant required.
Common Wear Items:
Cam chain tensioners (can become noisy), carburetors (require periodic synchronization and cleaning), rear shock absorbers (can weaken over time), wheel bearings.
Electrical Gremlins:
Wiring harness connections can corrode over time, leading to intermittent electrical issues. Manual provides diagrams for diagnosis.
Carburetor Sync:
Crucial for smooth running, especially on V-twins. Manual details the procedure and required tools.
Yamaha Motorcycles:
Yamaha Motor Company, founded in 1955, has a long history of producing high-quality motorcycles across various categories, from sportbikes to cruisers and off-road machines.
Virago Lineage:
The Virago line, introduced in the early 1980s, was Yamaha's response to the growing cruiser market. It featured V-twin engines and distinctive styling, with displacements evolving over the years to include 700, 750, 920, 1000, and 1100cc variants.
Manufacturing Location:
Primarily Japan, with some assembly or variants potentially produced in other Yamaha facilities.
Production Years:
The Virago line was produced from the early 1980s through the early 2000s, with the 1990 models being part of this successful generation.
